Western Carolinian

              western caroi mkm — — . ' ~ hy john beard jr salisbury rowan county n (!.... w jl y fti hh vol iv n ihs ' trrms on whom wniilil von make war , upnn cun gross alone or upon all the other stales 1 not upon congreaa the actual wrongdo ers for thai would im mile lions — mil up ou the other sluies because lliev mi_.li uoi sanction the usurpation ofthe federal agent and therefore might not i guilty of any inlonlional wrono would you aedeafe and if you did how would that redrettthe wrong and rettori wen r y.mr riifht it i ies sir ihere would i.e in secession a potititt liiju.x-'irr tn tlir oilier state each state is entitled to nil tin benefit which it can derive from the union ofall nud of coursfl the w iiii i to vf ill of any .,,„• state deprives the other statea of ull the benefit which ihey would derive from il.e presence of such state in the union — lie ni is in . i mil ofthe right ofa state lo withdraw and we shall presently see when anil how ihat right may be exert tl ilul lorn state lo resort to secession as a prim ary me ms fnr redressing a wrong lone l>v the usurpations of the other statesi nol only detenu its own object hut lines injus lice to lilt oilier suites moreover it ipso facto hceak the union and there ore is clearly us i have before shown not within tbe letter-or spirit of the virginia resolutions you w,,ulil no adopt unv of these modes and i will now slum you how you woultl proceed ynu wnuld begin by declaring the luw unconstitutional df there fore not obligatory in other words sir you would nullify lit luw of course you would stand precisely ns you did before lhe luw was puss . i and her lore you would uot onnaidor yourself as out ef the union merely l.v this art of usurpation on tlm part ofthe federal government y..u would proceed to elect y ur represents tives in congress us heretofore and direct tlintn to take their scats in that hotly if they were allowed to do so tint luw would be thus virtually repealed ami nil the wrong reurussed if tbey were not allow ed to do so yuu would still feel under nu obligation tu surrender your share m the union hut you would appeal to the other stales to sav whether they would sanction the usurpation on the part of heir common agent or not if the other states should refuse lo sanction the usurpation yuu wuuld bo thus restored to your rightsa — otherwise you wnuld determine for yours olk -— ksstlmsi t ssvw44 l»e b.e<t i'or yt_u ao.sn •, main in he union with the loss of part of your rights or go out of tho union alto gether now sir all these primary steps are as you must in caudnr admit precisely and strictly nullification but thoy are mil li'iciition un a proper occasion and assert ed in a proper mode thorn is not a state lights man on earth who can object to it thus applied and applied to such a case ; and nf course as i doctrine it is not wrong nullification and secession nre both rights ami the difference between tliem is simply this nullification proposes to preserve tbe constitution by annulling evory act ofthe federal government whicl tho constitu tion does not audi rise il proposes lo pre scree the union by annullnm those umir ptitions in some mode which shall not trith draw the state from the vmon nor emhnr rasslhe regular action of the joixcrnmrnt trithin the constitution secession with draws the sinte out of tbe reach nf theusu rper powers when all other means of re dress have failed nullification there fore is the primary ri.__.lit und lhe primary duly of.he stute ; secession is the ultimate right when nulli.icu.ion hus failed the agent theaa views of thn subject however are worth nothing we cannot judge for he practical , , peril 1 ill 111 il.e io verninent hv any itch extreme ease human sagacity cannot foresaw nur bu man prudence provide for ull possible contingencies nor can human language define and limit every possible mod lie iii u of social rights although governments are primarily founded in distrust im ihere 19 of necessity some degree ofoonftd ib in all of them the wisest statesmen can do no inure than repose that 1 lid nee in ttie sntest hands while at tba tame time he surrounds it with all practical guard 11 guinst abuse if ih statea may abuse their reserved rights in the manner con templated l.y the i'rcsuleni the federal government on the other hand may a bus its delegated rights there is jang er from both sides uud iis we an compell ed to conlide in he one nr lie olher ws have only to inquire which is most w ftbv ofour confidence in the first place aa i have al ready remarked the stales eannol have any interest lo itbiiso their reserved lights it ides the rieht for which the contend is not a right of action at nil inn merely a right to check unauthorized ac tion iu the other pi rly tin abuse ofthis right can be found 111 nothing but the in terpositinn ofthe stute tu check its own a genl 111 dning what it exproaslv buthoria ed its own agent to do fi.r its own advan tage the right itself ia indispensable to self preservation while ihe abuse of it is uot tube contemplated aa sufficiently pro bable to lound any argument against the right itself on the other hand the ped eral government bus a three interest lo enlarge ita own powers by encroaching on the rights ol iho states the constituent can rarely if ever have an interest in cou trading tbe powers of his agent but prima facia the agent always has an int rest m making them greater and when we re flect mi the strong inve which most men feel fnr patronage and power the influence of this intorest upon the mere men whn wield the federal government and who as to this argument must be identified with it all inls much cause ibr.distrust and fear it is therefore mueh more probable that the federal goveriiinent will abuse its power than that the states will abuse hsisusju if me ttuy^nmx •• my . tf acfiisl abuse on either hand it will not be difficult to decide which is the greater evil if a state should abuse its rights of inter position bv arresting the operation of 11 coi.ttitiitional luw the worst thn could come of it would be to susp nil the opera linn ofthe fnw fur a time us 0 thu stale while it would have all us effects within the other states this would certainly lie un just hut in most cases would he attended with very little practical evil in some cases it is true the consequences might he serious ; such for instance as might arise in a time of war ; but it is precisely in such cases that hi suite would have the least motive fur coining into ciltisitm with her sister states — besides according 0 the doctrine fur which 1 um contending this evil would be temporary only ; it must cease in some way cr other as soon as the other states act unon thu subject i ac knowledge however that il is at best un evil but it is an evil inseparable from nur system and une which cannot he avoided except by submitting to a greater evil — it is perfectly evident thn t'lisrirhl must axial in tl.e stale uule-s it lie inoompati bio with the rights of the federal govern ment supposing this incompatibility to exist there uua be n right in that govern ment to control the stales in litis respect and to enforce a law which the states mav have pronounced n i.e unconstitutional — let us now suppose an utilise of this right it would consist in au attempt by the fed eral government to coerce hediei.ee to v western carolinian it milfoil oner n week at ttr dollar per nn if paid within three mouthy or tiro irs and hpu centi if paid at any oth me within the yenr vo paper will ljisrtiitliniieil until all arrearage are j unless ut the editor ditcri linn vzlrfiicription trill lie received for a less jj llu in tint .'/""'• | futliiri to notify the f.tlttor of a irtslt „ iitctmtinue one month before the rxpira \ ton of tt '/'''"■' "''" '"' considered a a virfiii'iii-i ino tenon procuring tax tolient tub briber tu lhe carolinian shall hnvr n rrrn paper gratl»e advertising at the tstiil rules jllettf.r addretttd to the editor mu i put mitt lor they trill not he attended tn 5 these inruih will be strictly wilier id hi ________________ nenil vision l my neil letter i shall sat bome.hioe (» you in rofurencu tu south carolina e.,,ne illicit us cine hack you must and hortly too i lo the hue lloelnnes f the i , „, sin iii in wilh n better gnvoe upon he public initial in tlie everlasting shame nf general jackson and bis press theaa letters sir have nlreiuly been extended much heym.d what i originally proposed us their utmost limit ihey hnve been very hastily written never re vised and are altogether unpretending la their character they have been design ed in rely lo revive m the minds td those who may reail lliein the almost forgo eu principles of 1708 and it cull public a mil lion in the absolute and total overthrow ,,( those principles whioh is already well nigh reeled hy general jackson of course like other newspaper puri.gri.pl.h upon lhc same subject hey will be forgotten with the hour tins is exactly lhe tale winch i wish them tn experience if hey cm make the desired impression as they are rendi i shall now conclude lliiin with llii.aiior view ol the subject before ua which isc.cr tiiiulv worthy of your consideration south carolinu is u southern slute bnv iul tbe same interest with ourselves m iill respecu i '""' ''"' '''" years she bus in en our b.-t help in ibis verv ttirilf cntesi is ii not shameful iu us in ileseii her now in her utmost need ' and besides is il not our obvious intirest lo sustain her parti eularly in the present position ofthe i ri<t and anli-l.ir.tr putties i yuu know per fectly well thnt re than half un iff delegation caine to waahingti.n iu i em ber preparetl lo reduce the syslem to the revenue siituilarii ; nnd you also know hint ihey changed their pur/iote at soon us ihe prorlamili'-n iras issued they saw hat the piesideni ill hough he proteased u de sire le modify those ihwh would n ver.be isss enforr them by th sword if they wert not refilled what better nncoiirage uienl can they want to persevere in their system 7 nay whut better precedent can thoy havo for enforcing any other law which u majority ol tbo p nple of the u states may rind it lo their i merest to puss the northern interest already possesses ihat majority and is in no danger of losing it is it not then our obvious interesi to pursue such a course as will strengthen instead f breaking that bond which now minis the southern slates together 1 what bull we gain by driving south carolina ut of lhe i nun or by weakening hai in fluence while she remains in if we ah 14 lie led to s slain her by every consideia hihi vt justice ih'cuusc lhe is abused nnd oppressed ; by every f.ltinulrralioli 1 lfl enmity because she is the weaker party t by every consideration nf prudent mid wisdom because we must stand or fall b long with her i can scarcely permit myself sir to ask i ou what we ought to think of tl.e part whicli gen jackson is acting in this event ful drama i he knows that any modifica tion ofthe turitf laws will of itself w belli ther it raise nr reduce tlio dut ios deleat all measures uf south carolina at once • tlie ordinance rtdu.es only to the existing luws aud cannot apply to any the la , s he know this and he also knows t a influence can caute those lair to rmotlijt ed in four and twenty hours ' u,i mo tive is there then — what reason can there it for this alarming and perilous rmmrss 10 force he stands before the pe pl of this country as a president ofthe l'nited stutes making war upon the people with out necessity _ as a southern man strung thnning the arm of northern power ... no st southern interests j as a bon of sunt i . nr iina turnii.g his wrath against ins ni.tvw state and encouraging n civil ar a long her people for the gratification of a false pride or a vindictive feeling i ! history does not present a worse picture of he worst firms of human churncter you mr ritchie htivo long ago sied t n.i hia election would bo " a curse up u .... c ■ i try i know nol sir how you wi u ter aofien the reproaches which attar io your manifest tergiversation antl inn os tency ifuin by throwing yourself uiion i ur reputation us a true prophet locke and now sir as south carolina is undeniably right in her prmelples ami merely wrong in some of the measures bv which she has endeavoured to assert ihem does she for tins deserve the w.r.l or no 1 i have l.errd the luw vers sav thul you du not foil it yoar claim in 11 court of justice by suffering n non stiil lor bringing your action wrong and i imagim thai ibis would is equally true if the mill sin subjected your ml penary 1 he costs it is perfect clear thai you cannot coerce smith car oliua without pin ing the authority 6f congress above that of the slt.tea in deciding on the client of lhe powers ol congers itself j id of nurse you thus destroy tha right of the stale altogether this seems to me to bo ullogetl'er too high a forfeiture to be incurred o a mere error in the tonus uf asserting a light and besides sir tl you perceive no danger to ibo constitution in the extraordinary powers which ynu are asking congress tt confer upon the president 1 it is not ouumgli to sny that these powers nre only to be exerled contingrntly — since i.e h.ll now before congress leaves .. 0 the pron idenl himself to determine when the enn lingency niny arise is ihere no danger ihat it'll should not arise in lhe ordinary course of events he will make it for htm silfl nothing is easier than to do this untl thus \ 011 put tlm whole matter at lus discretion 1 know how unbounded your confidence in the president is hut you otighl lo recollect that this very coiihtlence is the principle upon which dicluttit are inuile vou caiiuoth.it know thai if bln.,.1 is shed by the federal arm in south arn lin'i this union is dissolved and a general civil war will he lhe result is there 1111 degree of confidence which can justify llilt submission of such nn issue to the ihs lotion of any une man do not tell me that if the president abuses lhe trust re posed in him hu is amenable to punish ment will tin impeachment of andrew nckron restore the union — brii.f buck ... the union the blood which he has shed and bring the dcutl to life ' the sanin i.r ouuient would prove thul he ought to i iloibed with all power restrained hv m n.i requisition lhal lie shall exert it i'o the public good i is no iu his way . in.l a vigilant guardian f public liberty ougiu to act there is too much reason ... feu ilia the confidence which confers sutdi 11 p wnr muv easily he brought to sanction an abuse of il for my purl i consider it infinitely bettor thut suu.b carolina should nullify nnv law in tlie code than to trust any man's discretion with thc issue of union and peiice on the une hand and dis anion and civil war on the other more over sir do you not consider it as utterly tpposed tu all correct notions nf cons.ilu 11 nal law that the federal government lioin'd make war upon the citixen of 11 stute for an act done by ihat state in its sovereign character ? lam sure that nothing can be found in tbe columns of tl.o enquirer before it embruced the cause ot andrew jackson tn countenance such an leu as this what has changed vou mr ritchie perhaps you have changed because andrew jaelvson him self has changed this would not be at all surprising in you sir since the whole commonwealth proh pudor .') appears to have been revolutionized 11 a single huur for the same reason let us however ... order ha we may know hereuiter i...w inconsistently it is possible for a man to act without forfeiting his char acter see what this same general jack son has said on a former occasion in bis " talk to the indian delegation from georgia in 1-s-i'l he holds tins language the sword ofthe united states might he looked to as the arbiter are hut this cun never be done the president cannot and will not beguile you with such nn expectation the arms nf ihis tlorirriimeiit can nerer be employed lo stay any slale nf the union from the r trrrtsr of those legitimate jm'rers which brio ig to her sovereign character this is truly rn publican — uud what a pity it is thut he did not adhere to it ! surely the rigid you hsve been mir exceedingly un sparing iu yeur denunciation of nullifica in u imi i do not reculleot lhal you have lor hired a single arguinsnl againal it you hnve indeed abused vir calhoun until enn iiis worst enoin.ee are rends to tuke sides wiih inm from mere sympathy wiih the persoculod uii i oppressed that such 11 iinul nin ul i lie borne down belore no vi by a in in ol andrew lucks it's pretensions is a moral anomaly worthy lbe especial notice i the future lus i inin ynu appoar to hnve thought iii t ii was enough to destroy jul.nc calhoun 1:1,1 nullification must full of course fins is 11 mistake the doctrine did nol or ginate wit ti linn does imi depend on insi lor us support anti will nol the wilh lhe death i iii influence you may there lore spate hun without leur hn such 11 tribute to decency will nftuot nullification either one way or lhe other it would certainly liavo been much more worthy ul \ ur standing among r public journala if you lmd attempted to enlighten our iiuilersiiiii.liiigs instead nf appealing tn ur partisan feelings the huaaaa of in 111 worship are alike degiailiug to the press and insulting lo its supporters instead of proving thut nullification is wrong you have wisely perhaps hut not generously it is certain ountented yourself with efforts 10 prove lliut the liulhliers nre wrong this wm iwyond all doubt much tho easier task of lho two hui unfortunately the mass f y,.ur i'nders have nnt an under stood you y ur paragraphs have been so co rived ns to be generally received as at unci denunciation of south carolina und her whole doctrines and proceedings together at the same time thu ihelr strict letter will allow you o suy hemnfter that your reproaches were meant not for the doetrine hui only for tlu particular mode uf asserting it it ulwavs gives me pt.iu 0 see an influential public journal dealing with lis renders in ihis uucandld way a h never the press yields ilselt wholly to party it becomes instead of u blessing the worst possible curse to a free country i t touts disatgerous rqeaaeb proportion tu its influence whenever the liberties of this country shall 1)0 overturned a corrs.pt and hireling press will bo the chief age in the mischief this however is a di gression and it will certainly make 1 0 im pression upon you i was going to sav tlinl while the principles upon which south oaroliaa has proceeded are undeniably right i agree wilh you that she lias fallen into some very great errors 111 her course . if proceeding on one point i will agree with the president of the united slates au approximation to error at which i eannol but feel uneasy i think that lhc lurid laws ah hough clearly against the spirit nf fhe constitution by the gross inequality uf their burthens are yet not an palpably unconstitutional as 0 call for nullification nur so " dangerous as tn demand seces si n until every hope shall be lost ihat congress will modify ihem i therefore may well censure south carolina in this respect but ynu cannot fur you profess to consider tin so laws altogether and une quivncollv unconstitutional i think also that south carolina appointed too early a day for the operation of her ordinance i think also that some of her enactment for enforcing that ordinance are too rigor ous and probably are themselves uncon stitutional and i have another objection which i have not yet seen stated in any newspaper the principles upon which nullification proceeds demand that tl.e nul lifying slate shall reler her decision in ,-, inventions of the other states — antl thu she shall give way if such couven.in.is overrule her in every case therefore which will admit of it she ught to take care thnt the other states sustain no injury from the suspension of the luw hy her in cose her decision should lie overruled lo tho present case the injury would consist 111 the lots of duties and there ire south carolina 1 mild merely have mspeiu/ed the puyiii'.,t of duties uud should have guaranteed the ultimate payment of every cent ofthem in case the olher slates — and 11 bare majority ought lo lie sufficient sl.nuld decide the 1 nil laws tu be consti tutional and should thereupon determine not to secede in all those respects and perhaps in others south carolina appears to moto h.tve acted unadvisedly suppose however that she hud avoided all these errors would it not have been uull.tication still ! and with what could you ti.eu have reproached her suppose hut instead of he larilf laws she had nullified 1 law de flaring all her slant lo be free ?— tv.iuld vou 11 a have commended lier extra rdnia ry moderation and her scrupulous respect for her co-states in subini'.ting to tu,:,d the question ofthe couslitulio.ial.ty of such an exposition qfthe virginia resolutions of 17sh conotttnan to thomas hitch ie esq no v you will be pleased to bear in mind sir thnt 1 have endeavored in my preceding letters simply to prove thut the doctrine ol nullification is lully warranted by the virginia resolutions of 17uh if i have gel succeeded in this i have ut least shown that il is nnt so manifest a departure i'n in this resolutions as to warrant the deuiiu ciali.in which it has received from tho pro jfesseil iriends of state rights still less ii.t.iui is there fir branding a whole slate with treason i'or adopting it anil «/»', sir permit mo to remark that nulli jfcirt.oii is not a distinct and su'istuntiixe frimiple nt all but merely a mode in which tell settled principles are carried out in frttctice it is absolutely necessary to tear this distinction in mind the only principle involved in nullification is the right ofa state to decide whether an act of tigress is a breach of the compact or mi ; ami if it shall decide that it is a breach . werpose without waiting lor the co op bttkin of other statos for arresting the sbabni a af,*h •>»■>."^» aye male a not timr.inhe union nor interrupt the regit i kr progress tf government within the cmslittition no une 1 think cun deny th correctness of ibis principle nullifi ciii'i proliissos to conform to it whilst ise cessnm obviously discluims it because se mssfoo necessarily breaks the uniun v ni will at once perceive then that there iro a countless number of modes in which he principles of nullification may be car ried nut and it by no means follows that the doctrine its if is false because it may 1s abused in practice let us then for get for the present south carolina and ull her proceedings und lest the correctness fl nullification by a hypothetical case — slippage that the present congress should declare by law that the slave holding states shall no longer be entitled to repre rutution in hat body for three-fifths of heir slaves the case is a least possible be assured and it would be so * palpable ind dangerous an assumption of power it to pal'l loudly fur the most effective mode of nate interposition warranted by the irginia resolutions how would you haie us proceed ? would you appeal lo the federal judiciary to say whetner such l law was constitutional or not ' i eannol perceive how it is possible to bring the case before them ; and even if it could be brought there il would be at least a year mure it could bi decided in the ineun tune virginia would lie depri red of about out sixth part of her jrroper representation mul would continue to be so deprived until vi s.ipreme court imjhl choose lo take up ifo ni.se she woultl thus be thrown un hie mercy of hat tribunal for one uf her tiearest and most important rights ue ides this would assuredly be directly in ""' teeth of mudisun's report which re probates the idea thut the supreint cur t't uni rightful power over such a qu.'s on would you appeal to congress to re peal the law ? this < tigress conses to ax '" on the lib of march and our elections ke place in april there might not tui-ii im uny congress in session to whom ">-' appeal could be made ,- and even if were wen what hope could you hnve hat ihe same men who showed themselves c spalile of such a pulpit'le usurpation aid immediately disavow it besides m '» would be recognizing the right ofcon gress to decide on the extent of its own powers which is clearly against mi.disoi.s i lull mis hut supi«)se hut tho upponl li'.uld be actually made und that con rees should refuse to rc|*'al the law — would jo u submit f the resident's doc unas would force you to do bo yet 1 caiinut hunk ll at you would agree to such toctrini-a in a case involving the rights of your ..»,, state although v,,u advocate jj"-ni in the case of south carolina no b "\ you would not submit then whut uld ynu j ' would y.,u ngree to stis r*nd theev-rri.se of the e-senlnil right of repn-.-outaiion until y u lied tried the slow sf 08 "* pt an appeal to the other stabs ■ their separate characters . you would sanamed in countenance such i t i 1 surrender ofllie right f tivn v oold ji uu resort to arms / up this sir is nullification as i under stand it and us it is undoubtedly content plated in the resolutions of 1793 1 should be glad lo know what objections u can urge against it permit me now to examine its practical results <___, to com pure them with those of.he opposite doc trine as contended fur by the l'resideiit it is perfectly true as the president con tends that if a slale may declare one law lo be miicniis.i.i.iional it may declare any and every other law to be so ! aud by the slime rule each stale may in lhe exercise ofthe same right select a particular law this sir it seems lo me is despotism in it very et senoe ii the federal ioveriimeiit mav enforce ime unconstitutional law it may en force etery unconstitutional law and thus all the tights ofthe states uud the people may fall one by one bofore the ou.mp tence uf that goveriiinent this conse quence is loo manifest to escape even the most superficial nl.scrva.iun the wors possible result uf nullification even in the opinion of its bitterest opponents is to dis solve the i'liion and this result does not legitimately flow from i whilo tho alter native which thjay propose establishes nu absolute despotism which nut only avxso/pr's lhe union but t:sliil,li sites the worst possi ble form nf lionernm ll upon it ruin — thus il apistarslh.il nullification is mueh less apt to is abused t ti tn tlie alternative remedy antl whnn annand ila ronsswiinn ces a.c infinitely less lo be deprecated — of the two evils i choose the least i law from thr raleigh register on our state constitution or law us ly destroy the uuitorm operation of the sistetn but while this is certainly pnssi ble tl is in no degree p ohnble uul cannot possibly occur except in such a state of public feeling in regard to the union as would at ull events dissolve it by other means if the slates no longer wi~n i remain in thc'jiiiuii.lhey will of course sepa rate put if they are really desirous to presrrre the union tlieir own iiuertat uf lords a sufficient pledge that they will not endanger it by throwing themselves upon their reserved rights except iu extreme caws winch require it if one stale or two states sh id be mad enough to do so it caiuiut be imagined that such a num ber.if tliem will do so as lu uffurd any ground for the president's fears or any ap plication for the argument which he den ves from them the governmeul of ilie united states is the mere agent of the states for specified purposes and it is in conceivable thut tbe statos who uppoinled lhal agent for their own use and advan tage would without cause so embarrass its action as to render its agency of no val ue in practice therefore this argument ofthe prenide.it is not entitled to any con ideralion and even if it were other wi ... is it more consistent with principle and thus utter no vii " all political power is vested in and de rived from the people ot.lv " m mil of righu to declare that au digress really is so is acknowledged l>v you ... i ,. " legitiatett power be longing to every state " ta her snvareigu character nnd this is tbe power which south carolina has eterlcd i'o you think then that tl.e president can consistently " employ tl.e arms of ibis fjoveriiineut to atay her l'he casas its h29 involves the rights of jeorgia — thai in 1833 in voif,,s the rights of suulh arolina this ia the only difference ih assured wo yuu recollect vir kitchie what . clumor nl denunciation you raised ugains mr adams tor threatening — and he only hinted ut it aci of to the edilort i 1 propose now to meet ho objections which have been urged against a change of mir representation and if t.ey do no tun ou tu be pretexts 1 ..... r se ly deceived iu their character and in the facts ou winch they are attempted to be founded lu or ler that i mny avo.d all imputation of personal disrespect i i the individual who have adopted them ft.f the government of their conduct rem .! vu ot the ordinary effects of party spoil upon the minds of men and lhe readmit with which they adopt conclusions thn oiit their side without ever e»a ( . lining n.i he faclt to bscupe the chnrg of untnirn si instating heae objections i have 1 d fb the printed debates nn this subject in our j.-neral assembly of 1831 un i • e report rrf a minority of tho committee to our legislature in 1889 prefer the remedy which al hough in ita extreme abuse it may loud to disunion m.v be peaceful in its results |., one which ne cessarily dissolves the union and whose direct object and tendency are lo violence and blood and abtolutc power too — lo enfor e lhe authority of the fed eral government asrh'iuat georgia i do you rein nib r how strongly yoa then do noiiiiced thu idea rd making war on a sovereign slate of this union i geurgia has been in tbe regular habit of bullying the union that is tbe phrase at present — from that lime to this and you have neither disapproved uf her course nor hns ieiier.il tack.ni threatened her wilh the rod \ fact an glanigas this cannot fail aoutier or lator lo mate its due imprecision a law involving directly the highest ol hor | rights vou certainly would i.r nud wherein then consists tlie d.llt-reuce t t simply mr ritchie in iln application of the doctrine and uot iu tl.e doctrine if i iter sir when you denounce uul 1 lil tit.on you sh uld say in unequivocal terms thai ii is not nullification io in.ll but south carolina nullification which you mtau te coutleuui vou may ittou aud now sir you have u full view of nullification as i understand it as i sin cerely desire to be right in politics as well as iu morals and religion i subinil myself wi.h all deference to he eorree.ion of vour l'rea.er wisdom at alt events yog ought to relit ve vour o'vn principles inun the clou i winch nuw bangs over tliem and reovleis tln.ui suiuewbat obscure lo tbege ifeciiuse i heartily detest any grogra phiral inrty division in the state should prefer to avoid all referret.ee tn '• ihe bast an i '• the w«^i .-" but the opposition lo * change ofthet'oiuitilution u rsa.ed ua these , . mid ,• ,,,'. : , i ' out or ibal thacouetiumut auoutd tiwuifwl