e r v ' 1 > w v v / s / v v 1 — a — ki wm , im^...ii,i wi , 1ibwi lb „„ im tff . l , w j^b ,!* ™ cvpi " wi^to al.rt.ai i from l.-twa ivhie.l however wise a-,1 .. ,,| jn t'.-n • li m s 1 . fl 7 7 j tll.*,-l,.l | -|,.. m |. l ti..„i | „...,. i l|y ' i-.,l,1\j ba-a»a»a*as astvtsbwwvi mm^mm jiswi — - < lr - mmw a — a — e j av y i ■;. hio . ckaiiiii svi.isnficv row . >■ ■ b l ***'***"^ m m 0 " m m m ***^*^^ m ********""""""""* . 7^^^^b ii/".**ra,'vni,'.>/,/v/iv if '"' h v irx in tl h h i - b dr /-,.■.' i.'-././i ij^/^^b i-1'iim..ir on ff b^b^^b^^bb^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^uh^bbbbmbwb z?z r ™.-* *<*, /* m - <*. w\\m%j * " ' ' • ' ' j ' p nae in tin hoitrt of tha citizen ami which will be evaded with little remorse dr i '.': i n'lxi i . • monday jvnu\ry • i»i '.<>'. , - to si-elt a cover ii so never will atvc lier i--,*oi tn ■ records four history do indeed ■ iif.r i i totv|i • t these seutimeilts which is to i faun i in tli r mled opin ion il thos -, who ivheu the constii ,., ,,, wns framed were i.i l.tvor uf a linn va i il i.,i iment i , whii li the .•!..!,■ should stand in the same ro ti m in the union that ths c'ol.nii - <!..! loivttrds h.s i',ili->r country the journals of the < ' invention . 1 1 ilie ■..-, n t liietory of ti ■ ilebtltcs/will :('. v lh at thi eitly ,|| i :,-., pose t.i secure i > thn fe lertj govornm il ah absolute supremacy over the i.it :.\ giving them a negative upon their inws bin tho same !.,■■:, rj nlsn tunchns us thai all these prop atiti-ms wero rejected u id n federal t"',v.t:ii;i.iit ivasfiiiilly estnblish ed iii ; ihe sovoroi utv if the state ii at fciti ing tit constitutional cntn jiiii't on the footing of all other ciimpnct between " parties having no common su perior it is the natiirnl nn,l necesi irv consoqtii'iirtt of the ir::i--i s thus antli.-ril.itivflv niiiiolinct'il l,v iii • i'mxi ur^^tz^'tz ' * im i r,-,-,n.,|,h .„:„.,, ft t ha a right rrnntod bv nr derived ! .,..,!„ te.ihv ,:;.,,.„, '.-,,.„,„, ■■";',' : ".' ' ." ' v ' '■' ■"■' it nnt only dia.i6ctu lur 1 „ „,,.„, . , ,, . ' ,' ' .-.• .' ... .. u .. ks than it is sl 1 .,* 1 ■ i!!<i.'.i.'r,-iiif\ii,i,t;„-f..ii,iit,i 7 "■'■■''"■'.■ .'■ -„;,„,., 1 „„-,„, „ xkwn ,,. ,,.. r ,,,-„„. ,,„,,.,.,„ .,.| v ir ., vll j rnr.iiithein •" * zzz:z :, " k zz " ?* f ! wl g ■ '■■" -•— '■■■■■'■ •»*££$&* j.,,,,...i i ,-,, ,..„.,, 1 ,„..„,,.. , ; ,,„ ,,-,,,,.„,,„, „ state are par not aareed to lie exercised coniuintlv which as trained - i ,..,.,.,„,,,, |, •*, „ lin ,.,,.,.,„,,, , .,. u d be exerted sfli.ni-slelv bv the statu " , " z «. t ry ff u " l ?, b , """* : -"" t"',o ii 01 i ii.-iii liiuti . ■ loclnred in rc-f-trn.ee to the rijil.1 z .,' "' r h "' to i :; .-, ,,,.,„.,. , „ ,,., „ ,, h w „..., : „..|,,, „„. tlesnl,itio w of'9fl,uh.,vt ','. '". , '• rf 1 ' ,"'!' * ! ■" ' b > "" -■■"■ ' '■ ' : " •«•"' ''.••'■•': r having hilly and sect to ooiigroas and die world thn priucipli .., ,• n ,,..-'.■ m \ i . rnt.s exercis ol 11 rotation thai ahe futiud it to i her vhi-th she ui-l.t-vos tn const.tutv th.tv.ir , ■ . ■ ,.,, ,, | ,, v , ,.„„,.,,. ,, „„,,<,„,,..,;■... ,|,,, v ,„ .„,,, ..,.,. ,„,,„. ..,„, . pt hare nfthe const nt.ou thut ill deem .,,.,,-,. .■■.,-,. , ,. . . ,,„.,,,, 1m ,;,„., . ,, ,„.,„'■,, lls ,,,,,„„,„, .,...,, ,./ ;, "";"'' " i --- i "':* '" ■'" n"ie at i ,. ,,,,.. i i ,„ co .-,...,, ai .-,-„. i v ,,,„.. ihnn barely to preneiit a tuiniriurv , ■.'.-■ ...._.......... j of tho fiiro and mr madisnn himself assoi-ti , :,,:: " "" " n ""', l i »'-''■ ■" '" ' form int.uii.ij ■ . ., , thoii ,"- • swlo.ho perfectly constitution i i 1 * ■""■■' i subverted without the ... t,*o i-iiith lhe - aiillmrilies rbliu and eonuluiivn ;'" v ""|' mo ol i.e hl.ert.i-s ., ;,,.. ,„,,., ,.„.,, ,„ ...,,„ ,,,.,„." ,, ia „ , „,,;., ;„,. n ., ni ,|, |, owvor ,, v t p h?.„«li , li rt vi " is kentucky who declared in "■..*. - una iis right mny ba called for ,| -. : :;° ;"■; . v : " " - • ■ thecal i«u ■,, u ••-. ■.■•■.-.'> be •*., ■,. .,,., ,., tt „.,, i 1 j ■';'.' '"' ' .»'■...,.,.... ,.,.„. .,,,,,.,,,.,„„,,,,,,;„,,„ ,.,, , .:. , i'tderal oov.nimeiit m-o no further valid 1 '' i ■-'■ <«■ > ■ - -» >• - r z ■- "- - i jot i not lh 1 s 8-ati .-■ r orl i r s vnroign right • i.mi frequently n , li lit , snd in il "■ i-i in i hut thai all v s.i r ink from asserting then as often as tiini i i , j ... i . li ' oii,,,.i . •• i i ill ai in i i ii according tu the true spirit nfthe ctiu.tf tu it bee.on.es cnngrms n all i„*r _- ii-ii's lik tii present . it her t rom vo h . mi l.v legislation i t s ilicil i ibo status thc call of s convention uni lhal on a failure to obtain in tin consent of ihree fourths of nil the tjta.cu no a i ni-'n ii 104 lhe disputed power it nmst in regarded as never having been i.ileu ed to bs ■•.). 11 1 i se principl is have 1 en d.-iint'ilv recognized i.t the prc-i-lonl himself in his iinismj-e to cougreaa i iht commencement if lh pr sat .-.<• mo - . thej -..•.-•. 1 onl to i imprii lie ible a.i.-iir ditius v.-ii.-ii nis ii.-i i,v 8 carolina n a 1 '■ spptioable to in r ex ist in . con rover sj with i federal covertinmnt until seems 1i..1 s-oatii curolina re < in v u il presidenl no credit 1 -. her -',, ni , , n 1 ai it is declared th 11 rh he chinf mugialmte that '■ fhe i ,, u and anxiously mi'i-ys and dci res tlio uh 4 sirm of har grievane.es to 11 convent n 1 nil tin si;ii s -■ the nnly altei • 1 vo says the pieshiiint which i*h pr ■ ;- ts tn repeal of ull the actsfar ratal rev ruse j i ai ma tin .;. v,-rtii,„-nt -.. 1 . nt tl.a means of mi it or in ur.ijui c e m iii a/is . ', ,', ff r un x:l ' s t : l carolinn lias preaentcd no such idlcrne tiv.'s if iho president hnd read tin do cuments which tl.e . invention 1 lused to lie forwarded 10 i i the .• ■ r ■ ■<• ,-,,. 1 ■ ■■ r,,..o,,i known iter wish sand lief . 1 1 -.. h ■■ it oul i p.-.i 1 in tii.t .-- uth ( '.,, i u lbs tt 1 more t'-i 111 thai ilie lar ill boiil.l i reduced lo ihe ren 1 " stand 11 nl : no i lids distinctly dpi ■ f ' her uil if:,iit.'--s i!,i,t n i.i , iin.i . ufies lll stnuitall 11,1,1 .... bhould be levie 1 upi u pr i '■;., i a i ii 1 j ii'npml cted bitii li , • ii i.-nt 0 raise the retenue necessary to ni , 1 ihe demand of he gnvernnt nt i r constitutional purposes 11 uoui ! ' va found in tin exposition put forth i mo convention itself n distinct appeal t • ur j er stilt for ti iii.ll of n ( '. nv nt 1 j and tin expressi in i an eniire « tiling • *,_. 1,1 he part ul south carolina to sui.niit ibe eontruvprsy to that tnbunul eva - t the very moment when he was indulging ill these unjust nml iiijoiiolis it.<|,i,'at'ii>us u|ioii the people of south carolina and ii ir late highly yospontcd chief magia in a resolution iiml actually been is s 1 through both branches of otic l ifi-r luture demanding _ call of lint very ( ', n vention lo which lie declares that sin bad no desire thai 1x1 a pen iionlil 1 ion it does nut bectuoe the dignity ufn s i oruign stale lo holies 111 iho opiril wl ich might be considered us belonguii in ibe ocuesi no the unwaijraiilub'e in.pu.atinui in which ilie presidenl has houuht proper in iudulge in relation to south carolina tins proceedtuga l hor citizens a d - nra i'u,6d authorities lie has noticed ly to ovo it eounteiinnce thut iniseritl.la i nl r whieh imputes the noble ntnn i i nl nitr |,.'.,|.|,' hav iilieii in ilotioci 0i1i1 i r glita j '.' ' ' ■• i'f i '."'..'. '.-.'/', r jjj^^^l ir ft /« , dl int-r l as it i /• . i "(',',. ■«■ ■..'. t ■ person tir-3curiti9 six inlrrit suh 4 ■.-,'. <-..- a o c'-iralituait shall hat a ft ik paper r.:li.i ailvertisi ig til the usual ral -. t'l'/t ' i ii ■' treat * t • the lltlitor mutt »;.' ,.„. mid or tin 1 ui a.l be attended tu ■ those ler,„t will u strictly ajlior ti mt « .■. n-**tl'*kj bs.||#'.ma_b'a__bi_fa <^^ bt—^b i-'tit ns constituting lb vory ba»is of our z-ii'.x-i w ai.-h hav ;•,-,•■ t .',',,•,■/ o 77 liolltloal sy.-tem fiat tho federal invorri unccmstitittio'iul sir claim md f ■ iii'-al is unlimited n i i suprn nm ,< being the right li pidge infraction ofthe cons ilu extrusive judge of tin extent of its own tional c pact in violation ortlie reserved powers the l.rws of congress sanclinricd rights of the slate and ofarresting the by the exeeutiveao.-i thu ju liciary wheth progress of usurpation within her own li.n er passed in dire violation of tho cohsti us eiid-wlion as ie tariffs of 1838 arttl tution and right of the 8tates or not ars ;-:'-., revenue and protection — constitu ithe supreme intv of the l.m i henr ,:..■, ,| in .| unconstitutional objects havt it is that thn president obviously consid i ■ so mixed up togrithor that it is found ere the words " made in pqrsuauco if tli tt ■ til.le to d aw tho line of descriminn cossfi-nrrrnx ns mere surplusage n she lias no alternative but to consid i.u-l therefore when he pr fosses to recite , , r tho whole as n sys.o.n unconstitutional the provision nf the constitution on this in its character and to leave it to tho-e subject he states that our stwiat pom who i » woveii the web to unravel the pact in express term decln rrs llin i lie ihread south carolina insists and she totes eif the united states us (' institution ftppnalstotha wholo political history nf.mr and the treaties made un.lnr it nro tin cnunfry in support of her position thn supreme i nv oi the land and speaks the constituti n ol tho united states is tt thro'out of -•*'-.'■• explicit supremacy given ompn,-t between sovereigu states thai ii to i!ie laws of the union over those of tbe crea'es a confederated republic tint hav states — ns if n hi.v nl congress wns of j„g a single fonturo of nationality in its itself supreme while it was n jsary to foundation that tl.o peoplo of the several ih^hdidi^^n^l^il^it'l j'i i 1 i i ■■ , -': j m ili.tinet p it.,jali_oiiacnih pilocl iviation 1 i the iocemor of smith carolina \, hi ;:: •■, i president of tbe upitcd f j -, , iittli i atttiil im proclamation con in oitnlnvncr uf i-'ic i'uopr.k .„' i-i l'.\itoli..-a t nullify certain ti if wl ■ < ' n r h il th i'm i st.it is i duties in i itti'i ts i t tliopro.ee l loinestic iii.tiji-l.ieliir'js -, 1 1 wliorens tho legislature of south citrulitia now in session ttiking into con - ... th ■ nra r , •■ - ,' lined i:i t|lo nil pr.iclamation of tin president hnve ; , ' i i'.eain le anil resolution tu the fleet viz : ■• t i i'.-iis the presi nt ofthe united buhis his issue his proclamation do jnopeiiig lhe pt-f.e:*o,.i!i'.'s if tins stale a ig upon llio citiieiis thereof to re u'i ,- 11.,-ir ptinarv nuti.-i luce jtrid i.i i iniog tliem with military coorci m iir.-.i inted l.v lhe cju-.ti.iit ei nnd ut t , ia insistent with the existence ol a $■•■ • statu l.o it therefore utilised that les excellency the go ven r be vcrjuestetl forthwith to issue his jv notation wirniiig the g l peoplo'nf tli is stnta against the attempt offbe presi dent if the united states lo so luc-t them fr i thair allegiance exhorting hem to ii ird his vain menaces and to bo pre pii ' to sustain the dignity nud prot ict the lme-ty nf the state against the ai bi tr ■- neasures proposed by the president ma ultimo i l.y 1 !' ■ | fthe ii g.ivbr.iiiit 1,1 i .'.■.'. i i .. go of ho nxteiil ..! the p vi •: ■ lele .,* ul i , it step • i"i',i'ii sh oi :' d | t ism -- incc tie dis '■!■ ' ■ • • j iv io ntlininhit.-r tho a > i • ii""t and nol the constittiti m would be iho tne is i - il thuirpuv rs i that tii si von i states it ,-, formed lhi iristruui ml ' : > indep - ut have the is.imtnl.le right tn judge 1 llio iufrac tmn and 1'h t a nulli tca 1'ion in those i.yi'.tr.ii.'vni.s of 1 i un vi tt"0!tl5___d acts don'k i nuder colour opt tins i'l'.l ' kni'i is the itlghl'ful heme dv •' it is the tfteat apostle nf americtt.1 lib erty hiidsolf wh , l.iis cnnseci'iitud these principles aud i fi them us a ! igacy to the \ , i-ii in peopl recorded l,i ins own hand it is by him thai wo are instructed llin to tho constitutional compart " each state acced l its a state and is an inte nd ri<i-tv iis r s i'l-iiiiil il loll v • ! |_________________________________________________________| r t i .:.,.,. | '•• | , , , ii .- ! the itithority f mr mitdison himself it i - th " in viii l.l ,: ik-iiim ihat it is a plain principle illustrated bv common ! practice aud essential to tbe nau.ro of rtf that when resort dan be had lo mai ■ uperi r lo in authority of lhe parlies tho parties themselves inusl bfl . . ri tii'i'ol judge in ihe lost n sort wheth er t'i barguin marie has been pursu i oi vi il ti -,'." tha constitution continues vir miuli "'.-■,'■,:<, formed by ibe sane ti.m of the states gleen by tic in ii st vercign capacity : tile stittos i,-.i buing parties tn tho constitutional enmpnot and in then sov reign capacity , tl follousol ue cessity thai thi re i an i ,, 1 1 ibiuml almve iheir authority tpdecide in the lost rusorl whether the compact made bv tin o i vi olated : and consequently 1i1...1 ■,-.. tho par ties 1.1 it they must them lu . decide in ii inst resort such questions asmsy !>,• i's lie ont magnitude to require thoir it terpi mm ni if this right doesnof exist in lhe sever made in pursuance nf the < ■ . . - 1 . i . , . ttt-j s'leli li nvever is not the provision of the constitution that instrument expressly provides that tho constituti in and laws of the united tehich shall '., mud in pursuance thereof li.t 1 1 be the supreme law of tie land any thing in ihe c-.....itu tion or lows of n-iy state to the contrary notwithstanding here it will b seen thai a i iw of • ' „, gross as such enn have n > vidiilitl unless itiadi in pursuance nfthe constitution " an unconstitutional act is therefore null ami void nml the onlv poinl that can arise in this case is whethei to tho federal government or any department thereof has been exclusively reserved ti ri il - i decide authoritatively or the states ibis questinn of constitutionality if this !,■■ so lo which ofthe deportment t it may bs asked is this right of final i'i igin ml given if it be to congress then is congress n..t only elevate above the other ,! ipartmeuts nfthe federal government but it ispul above the constitution itsolf this how ever the president flimself ins publicly nnd solemnly denied claiming and ever cising in is known to all liei nor i — ilm rmi-i i the < institution onch sto • actiuj f r itself und bin una its owu cill_.cus antl and not those if any oilier st,u the ac f ri.ii i it .,. declaring it to be binding on the states so ratifying — llio states are its authors their power created it — their voice clothed it with authority — the gov eminent which it formed is compnsod of tnetr agents and th uni f whioh it is the build i - a union uf states and not of in div.duuls — i.i .■- i iir is the foundation ,-, i .- n f , - po-.voi , ihe government "! the unitctl i rite is strictly what it s name implies a federal government — tint the stan * are n sovereign now ns thoy were prior to the entering into lhe e rtnpucl — that iii federal constitution i n can fed e rat ion in the nature ofa treaty or an ul liiiiit by which a nnv sovereign stutes agreed to exorcise thoir sovorign powers conjointly upon certaiu objects of external concern tn winch the are equally intures if '.. buch as w-.it pblp'u . on a ;: tec i r ei n • fotiati ,;:, and indi in tru i - ; ind upon all other subjects of civil government they w.-re to exercise their sovereignty septiratelt i the convenient conjoint exercise , i p.n.-y ilia liny i|.,:ie i"l ing pnrties tithe compact are solely au thnrised t - judge in the i ' resort ofthe p ..-. irs exercised under it ; con ■-'-- 1 not a party hul merely the creature of i i iu npacf i ilint ii becomes n snveruigus.ate i , submit to undelegated an i conseqii mil ii'iliniil.'.l power in no iiian or body of in i u;in!i earth ! that whore powers ar assumed which have lint i u delegated the very case nnw before us u nu rea tion of the net is the rigbtl il remedy ; that i ry state li.ii tl iiiit-irnl ri::'ii iii case noi within i lie compact casus non faderis to nullify i their own authority all assump lion nf power by ,, liters within their limiv and that withoul this righi ihey tvotilj lie undor th dotni.tiou absolute nnd uiilmiiti i of whomsoever might nxeroisu ti right iiii 1,1,'it for them and that in case of acts being passed by .'..,,. a " so pal pably nguiusttlie constitution ns to am u:it lo un undisguised declaration that the compact is not meant i be the inn isnre i the power nf ii uei.or.tl gov rii'u •:,,, but llial it will pmcced to oxer else "..- r the •' n sail powers whatsoever ut tv,)i.blb<^|iii duty of tiios-ai^^^^loj m^^_______hxrr^--trrhijz al states then it is clear that the discretion f congress and not the constitution ivoiild in the monsiirn nfthair powers and this sny-h vfr jeubrsoii nam i amount t the •- seizing the rights « t'i in stales di n -,,'.! it ui a them iu i.e hii 1 oi ib goner nl trover ninent villi u power assumed to bind ih states n,,t ly iu cm«,-s mudo i'oderal but iu all cues whatsoever ; which would i to surrender ilm form 1 tl lemur nt ws linvo chosen to 1 1 v • nn der one deriving us power from us own will we hold it to be impossible to rositt tho argument that the several siaies us sovereign parties to the compact must pos oil the power iu caseof gr.'ss de liberate u.i.l palpable violation oftho con lil ui 11 to judge m<-/i for itself in well f the infraction ad the in i and measure if redress or ours is u consolidated tiovktiniitixr " without limitation nt pow ers — a submission to which dr jellbr sin has solemnly pronounced to be a great er evil than disunion itaelfi ll to borit.w llio language nf madison's repnrt ihe deliberate excrciuu of dangerous powers palpal . i v withheld • bv tin c ii-.fi i,,.,n iv 1 roiicitr y htvnr governor r.i -' ul . carolina in obedience to the hi i.i k ., ni a do hereby issu this my i'm _(_ niti ei solemnly warning the goad peo p i this stat't against the dangerous and tar : ■! us doctrine protiiulgatotl in the said f -, ii'.u iti m of the prusident us calcula te to mislead iheir judgments as to tho tru ■ character of the government un j"'iv:aira tlioy live and tho paramount o ,.-,' in which the.y own to the slate t.i nanifestly intended to seduce ihem fro.n ni i allogia-ice and by drawing ti i tu thi su up th of tlio violent and un liwllil m-osures contemplated by tho pre « i it to involve them in the guilt uf i.e ji-.tiov i would earnestly admonish fr n io lui-.vare of tho specious hut false jt__.ri.as hv which il is now attempted to v - vu that the several states have not v : , ,.■ i their entire lovereignty lha the - . ' ■ a nice of thair citizens was transferred hihejlfst instance lo ihe government of ' , ited ri i ,.," that ■* x state cartuoi - ud lo i spvarsign and independent te eili'sens owe obedience tn laws nm i it thiti evon under the royal i - i'"it wo had no separate cbarsc tor fhat the con.tiuttion has created n abjiul - 111,11 iii which is not a t he-wen sovereign states — .' ' it ... rii.ito luis mi i-.t.i'tr ro beds in — ' : ' - ", i that oin's s n ai-jonw oov f ii ii-in which ilia p •,;!.' of all ill th nun represented and by which we «") c instituted " om pkopt.r ;" mid that fu r ■;., ■ • . ii-,itiv*s in congress are iii iiii'l liberties lo a fnctioii iii . ! by tbo eflbrta of a few ambiiious leadei.s i .. h.ivo ;;, it up nn excitement for their . ., , ■;. u i aggrandisement tbe motives nnl ch.tr e ios of tl iso li-.io have liecn sul c t to these unfounded imputation aro beynnd the reach of tha president oj the united stales the sacrifice they have ininl , and ilitiicii.ii.-s nn'i trials tlir->n__i which [.,.', may have yet to ptfss will leuve ho doubt us in the disinterested motive 4na noble impulses of patriotism and b,,i.<,r t.y whioh they are actuated could they havo been intluced loseparate their own person nl mi a sis from those of the p ..>_•• o south carolina aod have consented ',, a hui-lon ti-'-ir duly to the stute j ii nnu ki.ows belter than the president hun elf il hev might iinve been honored nitb tlie liia-seal uunifestattons f publi re o'.i.i nnd perhaps instead of being thoob pels of viio nt might even now l.itv been baalv'ing inil.e auilsnino ..(' i'.xecniive lav i fas t itpre i alluded to merely fof lie i ot ■_■ in r.ltii;r the people of our -, tui stutej against he fatal detusyun ibat suu.lt i ar iiiia has a su.uotl h r present position under the influ nice nfa tamp - try ixcil«o>enl ; mid to ws u tliem that tt ns ikjl.i lhe result of tlie slow bul stetkdt r gruss f public opinion fe-t the last icn \ ear ; thai it i . th net l the people them selves token iu conformity with 111 spirit of resolutions r"|.eal.',l'y adopted 11 their primary assemblies ; and the ie ii a j t iniaation of the legislature publicly m nouneod more than twoyoars too l r t them not so far deceive tbemselv s ■ , i,.:s ihi i us to persevere in a course winch must in the end inevitably produce a dis solution of i'm i'limn under the vain ox p cliilion that tbe r.;kt hotly of the pftiv pie of south carolina hstiiiui lo fho counsels l the presid ". ul ounoivli l_.e tiic.rorri.i or retrace the.r stepn ind still less that they will be driven from lho i u oalioi >•! th'tr rights bv tie cit,.na tion fthe danger <•! doioostic hs i,l u threats of lawless violence the bravo men wpo have thrown themselves into ho breach in defence of.he rights and liber ie s ft ir couiiirv are not to tie driven i'r on their holy purpose fey such n ts j i'.i ii uuiris.-i.l d obloquv and i'-m-i ll ',', ifty a no terror •> t biw vi<t >»-■'-' »"* rig.it 1 1 refuse to execute acts of congress i tnc sovereignty of the sim -., n..-re inn ! and solemn treaties even alter t hay bad i of necessity bo some counnun agency or received the sanotton of every department functionary this ag eneg ti tl.o federal ofthe federal government government it repress us the coiifede'nv thui the executive possesses this right ""* s '"" 3 ''* luul <"«' c '" : '* ' ! ''-''' i 1 ' will a of deciding finally and exclusively as to «!»«»**»« m tl compact il.e p„.v irsof tli validity of acts of cnncress.will hard m * sov*"*nieut aro wholly dmeofiae li ly be pretended and that it belongs lo tho p «*° """■« inherent sovereignty judiciary except so far as mav be neccs " m ''" h c < ir l"'«'"<l town r any .-, s.irv lo the decision of questions whicl ro..t ttorpo.-aie b ly it is a p ibticnl eor may incide.it,.llv co.no bolbro them in <'." nu ««• "» •»» » n th»r«tiona it uipks cases flaw and equity hns been de for iw powers loan oxtering source that niotl by none more strongly than the pro s "" r " > '* tlie bul "" i " si lent himself who on a memorable occa south carolina claim ilm by dm deo sion refused t,i acknowledge the binding hirnticnof judc hence lie became and authority nf the federal cunt ni.,1 claim has ever since continued u free sovereign edl'or himself nml has exercised the right a l independent stat of ehf6m'ng tho laws not according to their that as a sovereign stute she has the judgment but his own understanding inherent power to l ill those a is which cl ihom aid vet when it serves the pur by the law of nations nnv prince or poten p nf bringing odium upon suutti ciro tit mav of ri.rbt 1 1 timt like nil in linn '• his native stute the presidont hns pendent states she neilher has nor ought n hesitation in regarding tlis attsrmp ofa she t suffer any tier restraint upon ber stilt ii release hnrself from the opntrnl of sovereign will and pleasure than those l.i-jh lhe federal judiciary iii a nutter mice and mural obligations under which all mi ■> her sovereign ri_.ti.-i aa a violation of princes ami st:tt-iyi ire bound before ood tho ustittition no i man tn perform tlt>;ir sulomn ptodfi ■ .. it i unnecessary to srrfer into an elaborate the mcvitnl.l conclusion from wbal has ■ i,ii.i:it.i,ii'.fth.)s.,.,|,'ct it surely can b ' "'■'"' ll,,,r " r " ■•**■. that as in all cuses mil admit ofa doubt that hv the declara °" '''"":""' z "" [ """ a *"** s tion of independence the se'veral colonies 1 -"'"• vhere from the very nattire of uiiogs beoame » fr-e sovereign und indep-'u lent l "'"' can l "' '"' r "" " "' i '- ' " r ""'■'»•<■. slates nnd our political history will a wh sovereign hns a mgbt to judge as hiui'laotlv si.o.v il.i.i t cv.-ry s,ibs-.|.i ■•„. well of infractions as of the rnndfl ind mea ebange ftbeir oondition op to tho forma " m ° r ' c w so tn the presom ,•,.„.,-„ don al our present constitution the stales z r<y zz s " lh ''""''■'•• ami the preserved their hovemigtity tbe discov f oatni govornmeut it belongs suttly .,. erv of tins new feature ... otirsystem lhal ''"''' " v h "'' "'''' ' ,: "/ i '" " : ''' '■'"' *' ''"> io ° lha slates exist only as members of tbe i hled to decide whether the federal union that tec.re the daoiaratioo ofli ■ j " :,, * u "' v ' v '"' "' '• ' l " ' ww remedy the l,.,.-.i le ice we were known only as '• uni i su,l ' . "'■' i,t to 1 " rsu * s ""'■ ' '' lr ' lin » lot cnloatna and tha even under the *«•»» cannot and wdl nit yield to any articles of c.tri"ej ritiiii the stales ware d p rtn * nt o ho pederal gnveromfanl a concidlred us forming « collecfivelv oiia r 1 * lucb f """ "'■ " awnce ufall blttoj without nnv right uf re'tls.ag vereiguty and without wii..b t would to suyi.it lo •• ii-iy decision ofcongreiir | tooon,b " & hll ' jb ai "' a »■■"••)•" was reserved to tli ■• presi | oi i | kits i.n ' such are the doctrines whirli 3huth.car mediate prtdeeettar to il.e latter ** be i olin i h.s thr sigh her convent .,, aolentnly loi the inn i aid upon the former prnirtuilgetej t the world and by them will unl'.r'.i ,.., iy f.j the evils of r»*tju..-iu ah « •! or fill i , . . ,, ,, it to pucuitji , tipiv irumul^4».-ia by y_y-jiia ig v t ajyj z , , ,, t^taaa^bj . ii,.l no ils.ifv h.i . n i.e . to it la i i:7tw each should take measures of its ou-.i r , ' .. , , ,, ., , , •' nosins even ao lar as tu arrest tne moan s nrnvi'ltie thill nei tier sticn acts i:,,r um ,.,, ■, i ,, , , «*_. ,, ,.. , , ; lhe cntt uu i tin n-liv t ra.iiiiiivit tiir othnr f l,i i.nueml jover.ui.eiit nol ii am ., .... ' ,. ,,..... ,, ., . . ., ' otlstitutlon ir-i.t.r as icll ns to pro v un i'i.elili inal v million 1 v t i , . r . r ., . ,, , .,< , ... villa lor the safely t the partus lo ,;. constitutiuti shall be exsrcisod within „„,,.,. wmiwboto i ond to a || ,,.;„.,- ,-, their • p etive territories , m(l - di mb , it 1 1 on t it'.s.i t-i.tit liii'l essentia i fnil 1 -.. , , ■,• i i , , , , , ' s ihe rigbt sf.eoin id or recognized under nil ij.iit s.iin i cur hua has nov note i — , j . .. ,-, , ' , ,, ., the stiite constitutions ua well as a plain ii i i or urse i as a sover-3._rn a ate , , .... . i , . , •* - ' - ' . 1 oi lol 1 l,i:i iiiii utiil principle on whicli -.„- h,s pronounced tile protect.n-j s-ys ,„ r „, , -,,., ttself wiw.teelarod tern hi ll its branches to be .. gross .,.,„, .,.,, ,..,., ,„, z : '""- tl ";* pi-.wb'o v l the j z hurighi,so mdist ible con tiiuuouiilc and having ox ,,,,,. s . c , v f tho stales is thai 1 mat bi.usie.l every oiner means l redress she ,„.„,,„.,„,,. ' bul „ l „ l:lll , ; , ; ,. , ...,, lve ; , ipu 111 tho exercise dfher sovereign right's ,„. ,,„„„..,. , nr , ma , n „,, v .- so i ns ,„„• as oueuf tho parties to ihnt compact and p !» fe m „ j emin n , , , , , in die performance ol a high nnl sacred ,„, . , sii , ,, , : ,, t „ , - <! .,.: ril , rj v , ,„.,„,., duty t,-,p.,s"d t,.r arrastiitg tip evil t ( ,„ ii „„ , h rl , ilyli wj „ -,„ ,„.. v fc usurpation wiutimherown li.n.ur-.by do „.,„.,,-., | iinit , f the cotter-there el.ir.ng these ads to ho ■' null v-„:l it i wl „ ,, 0 „„„.,„..,„„„ (■„,. a „ v slm ,. „, ;„ uo taw and taking nssasafts of her own tarfere with ihe harmonious opurr ..... dial they slipll not bo eulurced within her j he8y „ ein , there will exist lhe si h 1 '*" t motives lo induce forbearaheo :,, 1 south carolina has not as time i what n(nw to prompt to aggression 1 f eitliat could bn c upidnrad osal all doubtful when j 9i ,,, „.,,,., m „ galleon 1 lu lie univv r aha asserts that tba nets in question sally lelt and acknowledged that ihe ii .- -. nere tu real iv intended fir the protection u 0 not „ an j |„ to union iu the relation of manufactures thnt their operation 0 f j 0 g ra ded and dependant eolonies bat is unequal f that the amount received ihat one bond of dmon is firmed bv mu by thetu is greater than is required by the lm | s p„ti„es and common interest waits of ti aov-riiiiioni and ti illy the true answer to thissibjectwn has baeg ibaftii proceeds are jo be i,,l,--l to jlv eii bv mr i;i.i;suu when he says l,j"cts ru iiiioi'iz'.i hy tn ciiisiiti.trin •' it doe not follow howover il'mt iw theso ti or nrttormua those object ,.„, s o tt • states aa aoverelgn parties t openly avowed tli president withoul he constitutiirfal compact mim ultimate iii-titiitin nx oi iisiiion into motives i^iv.,1,1 whether il hat been violated has himself discovered tnd publicly ile thjisuchsadoeisionought lobe inter d noiiti.-.-l tlir-ui nl ins di or of ri mu b j!he r j nn hasty mii-.ii.m or no doubtfbl is even now devising measure intended iu ,| inferior oceoaloas bven in the ease of as wu an id to correct tliese scloiowl an i__aiw convention between iliflurenl na edged abuses liollsi j t -, u | wl , v;i | ull ; ,; ,„„ h t j breach it is a v nn and lle dispute about words must bo lioih wiliul and material in justify to ask wh"ther this right of state inter 11,1 application nf t:i rule hut in the position may lie most properly styled a c.x6t ufnn ultimate and constitution i'u consiitutinnal a sovereign or a resorted lion irka iliai of the united hiates it is right in culling this n^lit cnslituiio 1 ovi.lc that he iotarptatlljon of ihe par il it could never havo buen intended t tins i.i tuoir sovereign capacity can bo ill h.'ss...l|t i'v i ' . lipitw.islltttci 14 at llwr dim r i ■■- ::, itii-es of the united states and n ' l tile i irlicillnr shit'-s from wbicb *'' '■ cmnt ;" d.ctnies which uproot the idn n of our n liiieul system — • "'■ ,. i t rig is f th states — and mkrly ctuste y tbe lib irtics ifthe citizens " rsquire no reav);u:i i shew what w biro statement ol il so propositions kivurmivnt its is ngle feature of t is in truth uu i with a bold te i empire ull ler wiiiitev s-ors nnv be irst ot all doa ot an arbitrary ervadn institu ted wiis not the i'tilhers f-.ught r live and ti.r such wis 11 t gr.tat ail i pat a n into b llvir wisdoms - i vriimnut i!i republican faith of ia.mrric.mi l;-.er uiuii1 by winch tli,*y pro rev lution rff-c is .. r i i , a i pl-*s car n_!y d * gee original draught of lho kentucky ros'.lutions in tlie im i i vriio ' f'-lr if jfixhij l»lel publuhtil by uu rw_-ji c