western carolinian_______i £ - vol v salisbury n c tuesday march 1 1825 o 247 pc_,r.isbkd wee-kit , by philo white terms of the western carolinian wib jter be as follows : three dollars a year in advance tnaper discontinued except at the option hv editor until all arrearages are paid i irart'sements will be inserted at fifty cents lare for the firsi insertion and twenty-five ** v for each subsequent one k letters addressed to the editor must be itaid or they will not be attended to phere a speck of republicanism above the political horizon now throws all europe into commotion tele graphs play couriers fly armies move the cossacks of the don and of the ukraine couch their lances kings and emperors vault into their saddles ; a million of bayonets turn their remorse less points against the portentous sign ! we americans i use the word in the broadest sense we americans see and hear all this yet we remain strangers to each other form no asso ciations and our communications are as tardy and as difficult as they are between the inhabitants of africa and asia even with mexico our near est neighbor we have no communica tion axcept by a sea voyage through a boisterous gulf infested with pirate the bill before you is intended to cor rect a part of this evil ; it will make " straight the way between the uni ted states and mexico it will open an easy channel of communication be tween them not for merchandise onlj but for thoughts and ideas j for books and for newspapers and lor every des cription of travellers it will bring together the two nations whose power and whose positions make them re sponsible to the world for the preser vation of the republican system and shall a measure of such moment be defeated by a parcel of miserable bar barians arabs of the desertj incapable of appreciating our policy and plac ing a higher value upon the gun of a murdered hunter than upon the pre servation of all the republics in the world ! the route from athens to new or leans till the same intersects the thir ty-first degree of north latitude : pro vided he shall not expend more than sb400 in opening the same at half past 2 o'clock the senate re turned to its chamber and then adjourned feb 10 the four bills yesterday seftt from the house of representatives for concurrence were severally read the first iime 1 . a road from nashville to natch ez through the chickasaw and choc taw nations by an act of congress of 1806 appropriation 86000 2 a road through the creek na tion from athms in georgia to the 31st degree of north latitude in the direction to new-orleans act of 1806 — appropriation 556,400 3 a road from the mississippi to the ohio through the north west terri tory act of 1806 appropriation s6000 act of 1807 sec 2 that the president of the united states is hereby authorized to cause a road to be opened from the thirty-first degree of north latitude to new orleans on the route from athens to new-orleans under such regulations as may be agreed upon for that purpose between the executive of the united states and the spanish government j and he is hereby au thorized to expend in opening the same any part of the money hereto fore appropriated for opening a road on the said route from the frontier of georgia to the thirty-first degree of north latitude which remains unex pended senate proceeded as in commit he of the whole to h ■ consideration of the bill to amend the judicial system of the united states and to provide for three additional circuit courts amendments were offered to the bill ind > debate of considerable length took place in which the principles of the bill were generally discussed on motion t the further consideration of the bill was postponed until to-morrow feb 11 — mr smith from the com mittee on finance submitted ihe follow ing joint resolution which was twice read : " resotvrd isfe that the commission er of public buildings be and is hereby authorized and directed to take an inven tory of the furniture of the president's house at such time as may be convenient to the president mr oickerson presented a petition from thomas cooper of south carolina formerly of pennsylvania praying that a fine imposed upon and paid by him for an alleged libel against john adams then president of the united states under tho act of congress commonly called the " sedition law may be refunded the petition was ordered to be refer red to a select committee and be printed 4t^*a_ed from la 1 week's carolinian thus mr president i think it is fairly demonstrated that the trade in question is worthy of the national pro tection the next inquiry is — will the gavernment protect it f i answer hat the claim for protection rests on the same principle which carries pro tection to the commerce of the union upon every sea in the most re mote countries and upon distant isles our maritime commerce re quires ships treaties ambassadors consuls and successive wars to pro tect it the inl md trade to mexico requires a right of way to be pur chased from the indians and two or three commercial agents to be station ed in the internal provinces at this very moment we are enacting with the greatest unanimity measures of a war character against tbe pirates of cuba a_d for what ? to protect the lives and merchandise of our citizens in passing through the gulf of mexico and will y ou not protect the same citizens in going to mexico by land as irell by water will yoa not pro tect them ag-iinst indians as well as against pirates ? will you lavish your lympathv upon a citizen hung by a pi rate and deny your compassion to a citizen shot and butchered by an indi an i i he story of piratical murders has has been told to you in language which harrgws up the soul j now listen to a plain statement of robberies and mur ders committed upon our citizens on their way to mexico 4 three roads through the chero kee nation to open an intercourse be tween georgia tennessee and the lower mississippi by treaty of 1805 5 a road from shawneetown to kaskaskia — act of 1816 — appropria tion 8000 6 repairing the road between nash ville to natchez within the indian n . tions — act of 1816 — 7,920 appropri ated for a knowledge of this precedent i am indebted to a conversation with m r jefferson himself in a late excur sion to virginia i availed myself of a broken day to call and pay my respects to that patriarchal statesman thc individual must manage badly mr president who can find himself in the presence of that great man and retire from it without bringing off some fact or some maxim of eminent utility to the human race i trust that i did not so manage i trust that in bringing off a fact which led to the discovery of the precedent which is to remove the only serious objection to the road in question i have done a service if not to the human family at least to the citizens of the two greatest republics in the world it w..s on the evening of christmas day that i called upon mr jefferson the conversation among other things turned upon roads he spoke of one from georgia to new orleans made during the last term of his own administration he said there was a manuscript map of it in the library of congress formerly his own bound up in a certain volume of maps which he described to me on my return to washington i search ed the statute book and i found the acts which authorized the road to be made ; they are the same which i have just read to ihe senate i searched the congress library and i found the volume of maps which he had de scribed j and here it is presenting a huge folio and there is the map of the road from georgia to new or leans more than two hundred miles of which marked in blue ink is traced through the dominions of the king of spain ! with this triumphant precedent i leave the fate of the bill to the wis dom and to the justice of the senate 7 8 and 9 by act of 1824 that is to say at the last session of the pre sent congress and by the same mem bers to whom i now spe.k and sitting in the same chairs in which they now sit three roads were authorized to be made one from the chickasaw bluff , on the mississippi to little rock in the territory of arkansas — 15,000 appropriated one from pensacola to st augustine—appro priation 820,000 one from the state of otiio to detroit—appropria tion 20,000 these instances are enough in all conscience to shew the readiness of the government to open roads through missouri tn mexico a perverse cir cumstance intervenes ; we are met in the way by the boundary line of the united states and a road upon foreign territory is a novel subject of legisla tion in the american congress v<r president i have always been opposed to this boundary of 1819 i was op posed to it as a line inconvenient in itself not adapted to the localities oi the country uncovering the flank of louisiana dismembering the valley of the mississippi cutting off a pro vince to which our title was admitted placing a foreign people upon the heads of our rivers and giving them a right under the law of nations to navigate those rivers through the heart of louis ana for these reasons and two more which i have not enumerated i had always been opposed to the boun dary line of 1819 and i liked it still less when i found it a stumbling block in my road to mexico and a protect ing barrier to the cruel camanches who kill and rob our citizens it is true i could see no reason for not continuing the road with the consent of the mexii an government through the unoccupied territory of that pow er ; but the novelty of the thing was appalling ; and gentlemen might call for a precedent although they should find it impossible to start an argument against it well sir i have a prece dent j on wnich is strictly analagous directly in point up to the exigency of ihe occasion ; one which needs not the bed of procrustes to fit to the case for which it is wanted 1 speak of a road from georgia to new orleans in the year 1807 under the administration of president jefferson , it the year 1806 the president had been authorized to open a road from the frontier of georgia to the 31st de gree of north latitude in the direction of new orleans in the year 1807 he was authorized to continue the same road from the 31st degree to the city of new orleans under such regu lations as might he agreed upon with the government of spain the first part of this road lay through the terri tories of the creek indians ; the se cond through the dominions of the king of spain it is the prototype of the road from missouri to mexico the two sections of the bill which we have before us are nothing but tran scripts with a change of names from the two acts of 1806 7 here are the acts : house of representatives feb 8 mr taylor from the joint committee appointed to consider tho mode of counting the votes for president and vice president of the united states m;ide a report in part which was read [ the report is the same as that stated above in the senate proceedings.j the house agreed to the resolutions reported and mr p p barbour and mr taylor were appointed tellers according thereto to the indians themselves the open ing of a road through their country is an object of vital importance it is connected with the preservation and improvement of their race for two hundred years the problem of indi an civilization has been successively presented to each generation of the americans and solved by each in the same way schools have been set up colleges foundt d and missions estab lished ; a wonderful success has attend on motion the house went into com mittee of the whole on the bill making additional appropriations for the military service of the united states for the year 1825 the bill for the erection of fortifi cations—and for the purchase of books for the library of congress after considerable discussion thoso bills were severally ordered to be en grossed for a third reading a bill from the senate for the suppres sion of piracy in the west indies was twice read and referred to a committee of the whole " mr choteau was attacked upon an islauu ia the arkansas river by 300 pawnees ihey were repulsed with the loss of thirty killed and wounded and declared to be the most bloody affair in which they had ever been en gaged this was their first acquaint ance with american arms in 1822 mr maxwell was killed and another american wound d by the caman ches near the mountains in 1823 the pawnees killed a spaniard on the arkansa in the service of william anders n and forcibly took from him thiiteen miles the company which went out last summer had upwards of forty horses and mules stolen about fifteen miles south of the arkansas by the camatirhes who lost one man in the affair the same company thirty two in number encountered on their return a war party of eighty pawnees the war whoop was raised and both arties drew up for action $ but the toemy agreed to a compromise when they found that they could not move a rod without losing the lives f their warriors in the winter of 1822 23 mr john mcnight of st louis was killed by the caman ches at some distance south of the arkansas the use of an unmolested passage between mexico and the united states is as necessary in apolitical as i a commercial point of view they neighboring powers inhabitants f the same continent their territories contiguous and their settlements ap proximating to each other they are the two chief powers of the new world and stand at the head of that rdon of republics which stretch tog from pole to pole across the two americas are destined to make the «« stand in defence of human liberty hey have the legitimates of europe » from and the autocrat of all the ussiabinthe rear they are re l^blican and republics have become the adhorred thing the existence • f which is not to be tolerated in the d « thc time was mr president hen the kingdom and the republic f°ald exist together • when the swiss e dutch and the venetian repub j*i were the friends and allies of jmngs and emperors but that day j gone by the time has come h n the monarch and ihe republican no longer breathe the same atmos ed the puffery undt-r tnkingj and after some time the schools ihe colleges the missions and the indians have ail disappeared to gether in the south alone have we seen an exception there the nations have preserved themselves and have made a cheering progress in the arts of civilization their advance is the work of twenty years it dates its commencement from the opening of feb 9 — mr bartlett of n h offered the following : resolved that it is expedient to fur nish merchant vessels in the west indie trade with armament and to provide for the employment of officers and marines on board the same for tbe destruction or capture of pirates on motion the resolution was refer red to a committee of the whole toads through their country roacr induced separate families to settle at the crossing of rivers to establish themselves at the best springs and tracts of land and to begin to sell grain and provisions to the travellers whom a few years before they would kill and plunder this imparted toe idea of exclusive property ia the soil and created an attachment for a fix ed residence gradually fields were opened houses built orchards plant ed flocks and herds acquired and slaves bought the acquisition of these comforts relieving the body from the torturing wants of cold and hunger placed the mind in a condition to pur sue its improvement — this mr pre sident is the true secret of trie happy advance which the southern tribes have made in acquiring the arts of civiliza tion j this has fitted them for the re ception of schools and missions and doubtless the same cause will produce the same effects among the tribes be yond which it has produced among the trioes on this side of the mississip pi the right of way is indispensible and the committee have began with directing a bill to be reported for that purpose happily there are no con stitutional objections to it state rights are in no danger the road which is contemplated will trespass upon the soil or infringe upon the jurisdiction of no state whatsoever it runs a course and a distance to avoid all that ; for it begins upon the outside state and runs directly off towards the setting sun the congress and the indians are alone to be consulted and tbe statute book is all of precedents protesting against the necessity of pro ducing precedents for an act in itself pregnant with propriety i will yet name a few in order to illustrate the policy of the government and shew mr p p barbour from the select committee on that subject made a re port on the subject of tbe speaker's ap peal on the charges preferred against hint by mr kremer the report concludes with the following sentence : " they are aware that it is competent to the house to invest them with power to send for persons and papers and by that means to enable tbem to make any investigation which might be thought ne cessary ; and if they knew any reason for such investigation tbey would have as ked to be clothed with tbe proper power but not having themselves any suck knowledge they have felt it to be their duty only to lay before the house the communication which they have received mr kremer in replying to the note from the committee used the following language : i have determined under a deep sense of duty to myself and my constituents not to submit to a procedure fraught with such dangerous consequences i therefore protest most solemnly against the assumption of any jurisdiction either by the committee or the house of re presentatives that shall jeopardize my right to communicate freely to my con stituents whatever i may believe neces sary for the public good it is not my intendon in the slightest degree to im peach the character of either the com mittee or the house for which i have the greatest respect and the authority of which within its constitutional sphere i regard it my pride and my duty to us_j tain ejnttcir states oii0rr£j9 in senate tuesday feb 8 the committee on the part of the senate appointed to join such committee as might be appointed on the part of the house of representa tives to ascertain and report a mode of examining the votes for president and vice president of the united states and of notifying the persons lected of their election report in part the agreement of the joint committee to the following resolution : " resolved that the two houses shall assemble in the chamber of the house of representatives on wednesday the 9th day of february 1825 at 12 o'clock ; that one peison be appointed teller on the part of the senate and two persons be appointed tellers on tbe part of the house to make a list of the votes as they shall be declared ; that the result shall be delivered to the president of the senate who shall announce to the two houses assembled as aforesaid the state of the vote ; and the person or persons elected if it shall appear that a choice hath been made agreeably to the constitution of the united states which annunciation shall be deemed a sufficient declaration of the person or persons elected and together with a list of the votes shall be entered on the journals of the two houses after some discussion the report of ihe committee was concurred in feb 9 the senate met at 1 1 o'clock - the legislative business on the or ders of the day was laid over ; and at twelve o'clock the senate procee ded to the hall of the house of repre tentaiives agreeably to joint resolution for the purpose of opening and counting he electoral votes for president and vice president of the waited state the committee will observe that tho honorable speaker in his card had cho sen to make this matter a personal ques tion with the then unknown writer of tho letter after due reflection i determi ned at all hazards not to conceal the fact of being the author of the letter and did not oxpcst by this eisslosars to entblft act or 1806 " sec 7 that the president of the united states be aod he hereby is authorized to cause a road to be open ed from the frontier of georgia on