whotiijbu aib(dm snlker iv satasb\3r js c tubsba jyj1a 2,9 1823 3*0 lwb the western carolinian ■ sulinbitry june 10 1&3 $ bosses of this establishment tire bear rather an inverse ratio to the editor is con.pelled to adopt some hniscs a better reward for his labors the practice in this office hitherto bcareless papers have been sent ls ho are unknown to the editor lor by report ; they pay s 5;j and it seems that is all many of them to pay after receiving the paper d three years in future the terms ern carolinian will be as follows ir a year payable yearly in advance • sent at a distance will be discon the time has expired for which it j for unless the subscriber is known ; in tbe latter case the paper will be iaid for and ordered to be stopt sments w ill be inserted at fifty cents for the first insertion and twenty-five ich subsequent one advertisements nice must be paid ihr or their pay ned by a responsible person before 2 published dr bra&sww gan ttt a ving located himself at mount 1.jl vernon rowan county close by the store of mr jacob krider of fers to the inhabitants around the most prompt and assiduous exercise of the several duties of his professions mount vernon july 1 1823 61tf from the raleigh register for the plainer forms of architecture but it is still far inferior in quality to some of the varieties found in the other two for mations of these ene extends from the borders of granville county to moore court-house and perhaps still farther to the south in the same direction maintain ing an average breadth of 18 miles the other extends from the centre of stokes through a part of rockingham to an un known distance into virginia these two formations ore severally the deposi tories of those beds of coal mentioned in my last letter they afford materials for every species of architecture whether plain or ornamental for grindstones and whetstones like those of nova scotia and for excellent millstones are in quantities altogether inexhuustible limestone has not yet been discovered here in sufficient abundance to be em ployed much as a building-stone by the fire-stone mentioned under the fourth head is intended a singular kind of rock found within a few miles of ra leigh and also in the county of lincoln and doubtless occurring in many other parts of the state which consists chiefly of isinglass or mica and which is inca pable of fusion in strong furnance heats i his stone though an indifferent kind of building-stone is well adapted for forges and all sorts of furnaces for the backs of fire-places for making fire-bricks and for all similar purposes \^ hen the iron furnaces were first built in the county of lincoln the proprietors were under the necessity of sending to the north i be readiest way to bring these materials for building into more extensive use will be to diffuse the knowledge of their qualities — to point out all re places where quar lies of peculiar excellence exist and to describe the mode of turning them to the best advantage all tlirse topics would naturally fall under the peport of a ge ological survey of the stale but even if we cannot expect that our quarries of free-stone will be speedily opened fop the construction of hou-cs entire it would still be desirable that the public should be apprised of the excellence of these ma terials for underpinnings steps cellar walls and all similar purposes the number of our mechanics who are capa ble of quarrying and dressing stone is every day increasing unci will inn-ease with still greater rapidity if the utili'y of our stone quarries shall he more exten sively known and felt whenever such mechanics become diffused over the coun try it is to be hoped that in all those pla ces at least which lie in the vicinity of good quarries we shall see neat and good chin.nies of hewn-stone in the place of thoso which now appear so frail and pe rishable in their nature and so unsightly in their aspect dfe-stuyrs and paints these ar ticles are sometimes afforded so low irt the market that little profit could be ex pected from manufacturing them among ourselves still it is well known that we have such resources of our own and such knowledge becomes particularly impor tant when a state of war or any other cause cuts off our foreign supplies : f>ucb are copperas and alum for dying and se veral spec ies of ochre for painting we have plentiful resources lor all these ar ticles though both their localities and uses are generally unknown a geolo gical repart would make them known ; and i cannot but think that the general diffusion of information of this kind bearing so intimate a relation to the roost common wants and conveniences of life would be found interesting and useful to the public slates desirous to bring this part of my subject to a close i will mention under this prolific head only two varie ties namely roofing slate and hone slate of the former an extensive ridge stretches along near che eastern boundary of the upper country exhibiting a qua lity believed to be every wav suitable for architectural purposes of the hon slate a most valuable formation extendi through the counties af person orange chatham and randolph possibly to the yadkin or even farther affording in se veral places oil stones which are admit ted to be eqnal to the turkey hones of the market this extensive bed is a treasure to the state not only for its own supply of hones but as furnishing a pro fitable article of commerce and it well merits a minute investigation and a de tailed report to the public metallic ores by far the most im portant of these iron has been already noticed a brief mention of the others however may conclude my remarks on the economical and commercial value of minerals agriculture of 1 letter vi freestone coloring drugs slates and ores to charles fisher esq secretary of the row an agricultural society sir : lest these letters become tire some by their length i and lest by attempt ing a full exhibition ofthe importance of our subject we fail in one essential point — that of g lining readers — i will hurry over the remaining substance proposed to be considered and pioceed in my next letter to offer such a collection of testi monies as will i trust sufficiently show that we have not over-rated the impor tance of geological surveys the substances still remaining in the list of those useful articles which the mi neral kingdom affords to agriculture ind the arts as before enumerated are kree-stone colouiing drugs slates and ores xe^w arrangement tke public are respectfully informed that tlie mercantile business which has been fa a number of years transacted by daniel cress sen of salisbury will in future be con ducted by me in the same building where ev ery necessary attention and particularity will be given to render satisfaction to those who may please to favor me with their custom i edward cress salisbury march 28 1823 47tf c o\r$er smithing . the copperemithing and tin plate business heretofore transacted by d cress sen will in future be conducted bv me at the same place those who favor me with their custom may de pend on having their work done with neatness durability and despatch may 14 edward cress freestone is a term used in the arts to denote any kind f stone suitable to be hewn tnto blocks for buildings we may enumerate particularly 1 lhe softer kinds of granite and gneiss a slaty species of granite like that of the capitol at raleigh 2 sandstone embiacing a numerous varieties of excellent building-stones presenting innumerable sh ides of co lour between a dark red and a light grey 3 certain kinds of limestone 4 fire-stone 5 soapstone 6 serpentine 7 marble wan vway jin rom the subscriber on the jp night of the 17th may last dennis a negro man twenty eight or thirty years of age five feet six or seven inches high yel low complexion say a mulatto ' has a dent in his forehead occa ■ • - sioned by a blow also a scar on his hand from a hurt has a good set of ti^eth bold appearance high nose and wears a pair of whiskers he took with him various clothing and obtained a permit to pass to mr matthew harris i addressed to the editor must be they will not be attended to philo white l!oae av\a house painting ' '. gijlmes begs leave to inform the us f«salisbury and the surrounding tat he still continues to execute ah ouse sign coach and ornamental having procured an ample supply of bkiuving for a number of years his whole attention to ac lieve to philadelphia for thi kind of stone though they have since been so for tunate as to discover a full supply of it in the vicinity of their works this may serve as an example or illustration of what i have so often insinuated on that a great nnmber of natural substances are requisite to carry on almost anv art to advantage and it is most fortunate when these can be found in close connection with each other any person apprehending said negro and con fining him in any safe jail in the united states so that i get him shall be liberally rewarded and all reasonable expenses paid by their giv ing information to mr benjamin colquett greensborough tieo dennis was purchased by the saitl colquett near frederickstown ma ryland twelve month nast ulll^avat.r.x gwt63 ipetent knowledge of this branch of : feels confident of being able to » ive o those who may be pleased to fa in the above line gilding will also be executed in a neat man reasonable terms he alfo keeps rale copal and japan varnish as an apprentice to the above busi tvv o lads from 15 to 16 years of age id industrious habits ; to whom if themselves deserving of it a good be given feb 3 1823 39 the foregoing tmhrrares the most important building-stones and all these with the exception of marble v\e have already discovered within our state and most of them in great abun dance and of excellent quality indeed sir i fully believe that no state in the union is more lichlv endowed with build ing-stones than north-carolina — fhis fact will bc rendered obvious by review ing the preceding list with a little more attention may 2,0 1q art — wan vway 2fc_q9 si - *"^' e subscriber living in k?!psl 9 the cemnty of rowan on the tpk 34th june a negro man n;'.med jluvtt this boy formerly belonged gjfc to gen j a pearson dec'd he m0e 7 is well know as his carriage dri t ver and servant he is tall in ■ stature of very black complexion about twentv-one yeaw of age iiis clothing not recollected 1 have no idea where he is gone any person giving information to the subscriber at mock's old field or securing him in jail or otherwise so as lie may be again in my possession shall receive the above rewarded pearson _\___\- i soaps/one we have in ample abundance and its uses seem to be well understood — better perhaps than those of any other variety of free stone the county of randolph affords a kind of soapstone of almost unrivalled beauty and excellence ser/ientine is a green rock susceptible of a tine polish and highly valued for certain ornamental purposes in architec ture of this a large formation has re cently been discovered in the northern part of the county of wake this con stitutes a kind of p^reen marble and is frequently sold under that name in the m'.rket extensive works are erected for its manufacture in the island of an glesey where it is sawn into slabs and po lished or wrought into vases sec lhe serpentine of wake is believed to be not at all inferior to that of anglesea ; and it may be regarded as oneof those substances which are waiting for the elegant arts to advance to have their beauties unfolded e\i ave\>a\v\n etc . respectfully informs he occupies the old shop his father on mam-street reouth of the court-house salisbury k now prepared with a good set of mr all kinds cf mies fe clocks all who may favor him with their their work shall be executed in as fas at any other shop in this part of ' all kinds of old jewelry repaired nds made jobs of even description ill be thankfully received jrt notice people who sending may depend on eithfully attended to and ey were present and salisbury prices charged 822 ut.'66 granite is so abundant here that it con stitutes the pi e ailing rock ol tnore than half the state ; but in most cas^s j is of too hard nnd n inty si l txture ? o tx wi der the denomination of freestone the kind alluded to under the first head is denominated by geologists granite pass ing into gneiss — a name which denotes that it unites the firmness and durability of the former with the slaty character of the latter by which though a very hard kind of stone it is rendered so easily di visible as te be readily hewn into blocks those who have enjoyed the best oppor tunities for examining different speci mens of architectuie in various parts of the united states pronounce this stone as exhibited at the falls of the roanoke above halifax at warrenton at louis burg and especially in the additions to the apitol at raleigh as among the fi nest bui'ding stones which aur country has vet produced one who has com pared it with the celebrated clemsford granite used for the most supurb build ings at boston and harvard university will not hesitate to pronounce it superior to that it being at least as elegant and more easily wrought it does not indeed vield to the chisel as readily as some of the varieties of freestone to be mentioned hereafter ; out when once embodied in a building ne material is more imperisha ble or better entitled to bid defiance to the shocks of time this formation ex tends in several parallel ridges from the roanoke to the cape-fear and probably much further june 25 1823 ivan-a'way <** stolen 171 rom the subscriber on the 4th july a mulatto / fellow named bill 23 or 24 vears of age 5 \ feet 4 or 5 inches high with a remarkable sin j gular mark on the right side of ins nose rather | of a purple colour his clothing not recollected i he has been in the jaiiot salisbury 1 will give a reward of 10 dollars to any per son who will deliver the said ne-gro to me or se ' cure him in jail so i may get him ; or 25 dollars if | s olen on delivery of him and the thief if he | has a free pass 1 will give a reward of 50 dol j lars for the delivery of him and the person who j pave it to him upon its being satisfactorily pro 1 veil that he ia the person i purchased said ne . gro of dr isaac philips of rockingham countv samuel gut iredell countn 4t!h july 1823 62tf ixeeutftt^s sa\e j-iay of next august court there will fered for sale that large and conve dishnient in salisbury three doors the court house the property ofthe as krider the house is 60 by 30 feet convenience appertaining to a pub it is well known as having been occu lta for about 30 years the establish well known that it would be useless hot it conveniences c perms emade to accommodate the tho bjacqd kkilip.u ■ executor s'bs marble is a term sometimes applied to any kind of stone which is easily polished and hence includes serpentine ; but the term more strictly signifies those varie ties of limestone which nre susceptible of a polish in this sense we have not vet met with marble in our own state ; but it would not be unreasonable to ex pect to find it among the mountain lime stone cf the west and perhaps accom panying the serpentine just mentioned its uses for architectural purposes for sepulcheral monuments as well as for af fording quicklime are too well known to need recital gold ard silver are usually of so rare and accidental occurrence that we are not led to their discovery as to that of several other more common and abundant sub stances by the general aspect of a coun try and by other minerals known to be associated with those in question with respect to gold however the peculiar abundance in which it has been found in the south-western parts of the state sug gests the propriety of bringing hi all the aids of geology ta assist in the search fo it is the gold of cabarrus and anson a native resident of the individual spot where the pieces are found or is it brou't down from the mountains by rivers ? is there any encouragement to search for it the thorough bred horse mox ftfc l ill star d this season at my * ' » stable in salisbury and be sskt*tsja let to mares at the price of eight dollars the season ; five dollars the lean to be paid when the mare takes the horse with liberty to turn to tlie season should the mare not prove with foal dion is now nine years old his dam was by tbe imported horse charriot ; his sire the old imported dion whose ped gree almost every person is well acquainted with dion certainly ranks with the best horses ever trained on the salisbury turf having been a running horse since three years old during this time he has won six races — three two-mile and 3 one-mile heats -, also the best three in five 24 1823 farm for sale a will be sold on wednesday 13th of ist next if not previously sold at pri i tract of land lying on the waters of eek containing about 230 acres join 7.itaker and others a great part of ract is ofthe first rate woodland with adow of about ten or twelve acres 2 of the land now under cultivation velling-house still house barn and ouses the above plantation is eight of salisbury ve land belongs to the estate of bar ter dec'd perms will be made the day of sale will take place on the premises 6 thos holmes bjacob kkider mex'rs it appears then that with the excep tion of marble our state is already known to embrace all those varieties of free stone which are most valued in architec ture yet various and abundant as these materials are it is 3 well known fact that their uses are but little understood ; they exist in many places where not an indi vidual inhabitant ever thought of their possessing the least value ; and quarries not inferior to the celebrated building stones of portland and bath repose in numerous instances undisturbed while on their summits are raised those piles of logs and mud which are no sooner com pleted than they begin to exhibit mani fest signs of mouldering away and sink ing into ruins great changes in the ha bits of living are net suddenly effected ; but it is much to be desired and perhaps to be anticipated that at some future day the uses of these materials offered so profusely to our citizens by the hand of nature will be better understood and ap preciated thaw they are at present ; and instead of sqaulid and mouldering cabins those neat and durable structures will rise to grace our rural scenery which these materials are so well fitted to make where children's children to the fourth and fifth generations may celebrate their annual i festival in the mansions of their fathers ; sandstone is a name applied to a kind of freestone which is made up chieflv of grains of sand loosely cohering it exhibits various degrees of hardness but is usually hard enough for a buiiding stone and frequently when very soft in the quarry becomes hard by exposure to the air being very easily shaped by the hammer alone it forms a cheap and commodious material for walls chimnies and even for the main body of a building and when farther wrought by the chisel it is susceptible of no small degree of ele gance the grey sand-stone underpin ned and shaded with dark red constitutes a favorable combination among architects the finer grained varieties are even ca pable of being wrought into mouldings entablatures and other delicate and orna mental parts of a building a beautiful ex ample of which is afforded on the north ern bide ofthe city-hall in new-york pne of the most supurb buildings in the world in the sources of these rivers ? is the me tal distributed at random or does it like most other minerals obey some general law in its position with respect to the ge neral structure ofthe country does it lie in any particular direction with res pect t tha points of compass ? can the line of formation be ascertained so as to confine the search within certain limits and ta extend the line farther northward and southward ? these and many other similar points respecting this interesting gold which has furnished more of the metal than all the other parts of the unir ted states besides it would be one ob ject of a geological survey to investigate some flattering indications have ap peared in several places of mines of lead and copper ; but i do not know that any large veins have been discovered an timony is confidently asserted to have been found in the state ; but i have the less to say on these articles because they are not like enumerated in the foregoing letters very intimately connected with the interests of agriculture and rural econ omy i have the honor to be yours 8te walter balb1g dion is a beautiful bay rising fifteen hands high for muscular power and elegance of action he cannot be excelled there are a few colts from dion and though they are the produce of common mares they are uncommon in point of size form and beauty the season has already commenced and will terminate the 1st of august moses a locke june 24 v and jig making ■ li iii iii mini nlli ii aiumh^jublic at large that they ing on the coach and gig making the shop formerly conducted by a thev are well supplied with a vari se-timbers and those who may vour them with their custom may their work will be well executed repairing will be done at the most tejmis gun-boats and yankee wag be made bv applying to the sub cyrl8 west francis pinkston salisbury may 15 1823 10t64 ftank stoek on credit on thursday the 24st of august next being thursday of the county court one hun dred and ninety four shared stock ofthe state bank of north-carolina and fifty-six shares stock of the bank of cape fear belonging to the estate of daniel cress late of salisbury dec'd will be sold on a credit of six months bonds with at least two good securities will be required ant other particulars made known on the day of sale by the executors edward cress of this species of freestone we have at least three distinct formations each of them of very ample dimensions one passes near the vestern limit ofthe low country probably extending nearly the whole length of the state from north to south when not too soft the stone found in this formation answers very well liouse i'ov sale wjll sell my house and lot in sa lisbury on accommodating terms '. l cowan esq or to myself in ra ere is a good office belonging tchhe iient for a lawyer or phvsician john beckw1th f march 8 1823 44tf joshua gay alexander graham salhbury july ulh 1823 6wt67 the editors of the raleign star register and fayetteville observer will please insert the a bove advertisement in their respective papers five times aud forward tfceir account to this of fjce-for payment i think it will be agreed sir that the * a specimen may be seen at raleigh in the steps of tbe ncwbern bank and at ol polvflk