hl^ffirtt fprolittttw published by krider 8e bingham saiasttcux t\jt^da octoih&ii 24 is$o yo i no 20 the westers ci.nom.uair is published every tues day at three dollars per annum payable at the end of six months plies of vegetable matter to the earth from my experiments i have not discovered that it derives much benefit from the gypsum but is these have been attendedby inclosing which soon extirpated the white clover i do not con sider them as conclusive had my soil been as congenial with it as yours it would have excited a greater degree of attention to the c 0<m..m jc yu at vox . v oiee vgn a t ice s . revolution in portugal rilom tiik boston centime or sm'tf.mbkll 1l cj'np paper vvill be discontinued until all arrearages are paid unless ut the discretion of the editors ron the westers cauoi.ini.an call now to mind what high capacious powers lie folded up in man akxwside arrived brig jones captain gco.g jones 25 days from st ubes capt jones informs that there was a revolu tion in portugal and handed us thc following proclamation ot thc patriots : w uoe ver will become responsible for the payment of nine papers shall recaive a tenth gratis a!ivi:i-tis___iir..vi's will be inserted on the customary t ; rms alan is distinguished from all other ani mals by reason this noble faculty enables him to acquire and preserve dominion over all the inferior orders ol creation ; to perceive from the works of nature the existence of a supreme intelligent being and to have some idea of the reverence and worship due him even when unassisted by the lights of science and ot revelation but this spark of heav enly birth shines but dimly in the untutored and uncivilized savage — gives man while in a state of i attire but little superiority over the brute creation it is only when refined and expanded by civilization and knowledge and enlightened and guided hy revelation that it places him on that proud eminence but a step lower than angels and makes him the connecting link as it were between matter and pure intelligence seeing then that we are endowed with so noble a faculty and knowing and feeling the importance of its being cultivated and en lightened how necessary is it that we devise such means as will tend to expand and enno ble it we daily exert ourselves to obtain those things which will perish with the using — to gratify our passions or please our appe tites : we assiduously employ our time in ac cumulating wealth : but how little clo we be stow on that better part without which what is man ? and with which uncultured andpei verted what is he ? we submit to incessant toil ; we involve ourselves in daily perplexi ties and troubles ; we trespass on the hours which should be devoted to the repose of wea ried n.iture to treasure up wealth for our chil dren : but we let their minds lie neglected like an unweeded garden and permit those high capacious powers which lie folded up in them to be enfeebled or perverted to such uses as will only render property a curse by enabling them to gratify to tlieir fullest extent those passions which reason has never curbed and which the plastic hand of educa tion has not mollified and pruned we need no arguments to convince us of the importance of education ; and we need only to cast our eves abroad to be sensible of the deplorable effects of the want of it we daily witness the human mind in ruins and see the wretched state of man when subject to the wild fury of unrestrained passion and des titute of the influence of enlightened reason to thc sympathetic heart that feels for the wretchedness of others that pities their fol lies ancl would fain be blind to tluir frailties this sad debasement of the mind this brutal izing ofthe man is most torturing to the moralist who looks only to the good of soci ety and who deprecates whatever has a ten dency to disturb its peace ancl endanger its safety it imparts anxious disquietude and a gloomy prospective tothe christian who 1 looks beyond the ken of mortality who be lieves in the realities of eternity and in the truths of revelation it is a cause of much grief and of the most solemn and awful ap prehensions let all then unite their en deavors to bring about a reform and to muke thc blessings of education as diffuse as the air we breathe and as easy to be enjoyed this can be done and done too at a trifling expense and with a trouble not worth men tioning it cannot however be accomplished in a moment ; but it will not take years we have no experiments to make to learn what plan will be the best for we have plans ma tured to our hands and systems which have stood the test of experience all wc have to do is to adopt them and put them into ac tive operation i am necessarily compelled messrs edi tors to be brief a considerable length of time has elapsed since i first addressed you on this subject and perhaps it will be as long ere you hear from me again but as often as circumstances will permit 1 shall continue mv remarks until i shall have finished what i first intended to say on the important sub ject of education important to our com try generally and peculiarly so to this part of il in which we live aliqj;is no advertisement inserted until it has been paid for or its payment assumed by some person in this town or its vicinity puoclamation point soldiers ! our sufferings are ended : our coun try in chains ; your consideration lost , our sac rifices rendered of no avail ; the portuguese sol dier reduced to beg alms soldiers ! this is the time ! let us ily to the salvation ofour country ancl to our own salvation ! fellow-soldiers '. come along wilh us ; let us fly with our brothers in arms to organize a provisional government who will call the cortes to make a constitution the want of which has been the origin of all the evils that oppress us it is needless to particularize them because they are felt by each one of you it is in the name anel preserving of our august sovereign lord don john 6th that we are lo he governed our holy religion will be preserved as our efforts are pure anel virtuous so god will bless onr efforts the soldiers who composed the brave portuguese army vvill run to embrace our cause because it is also theirs o ! soldiers i power is ours — wc therefore must not allow tu multuous meetings if our country is indebted to us lor her salvation the nation must also hc indebted to us for her safety antl tranquility con fide in a chief who never showed thc way but to honor soldiers i you must not judge the great ness of our cause by the simplicity of our lan guage ; wiic men vvill one day record this deed i greater than a thousand victories let us sanc ■ lily this day hence i'or th let the cry bc from the i bottom of our hearts long live the king don john 6tll ! long live lhe army ! long live the cortes ! and by them the national constitution signed the chevalier sehasliano drago valentc dc l.rilo calirura colonel of the fourth regimrnt of artillery ; bernardo corrcra de cas tro sepulveda colonel 1 8th regiment domingos nlonio iii i'iguciredo samento lieut col 6th regiment ; socio pcrill'a de silva i eito licut col pulice regiment ; jozi de souza phncntel dc fa ria major com porio militia ; joze pedro cor doza silva major com mara militia one of my sons having a very hilly plan tation has gone into the horizontal plough ing with considerable success in ridges of only 5 \ feet width the steepness of his hill sides required them to be thus narrow wherever the declivity is moderate they ought to be made wider the success de pends on the exactness of the level to sus pend and the depth of the ploughing to ab sorb the water it has not been complete but yet so considerable as to have doubled the val ue of his land in seven years in union with inclosing and manuring inclosing is indis pensably necessary to make it beneficial as by that the earth is brought into a proper state for absorbing more water and the sus pension of the progress of this water by its vegetable cover allows more time for the op eration of absorption in heavy rains how ever when the ground is in tilth instances occasionally occur of breaches across the hor izontal beds the remedy is to fill them im mediately with brush having the leaves on well packed these however have been in considerable and easily thus cured the re sult is that a large plantation as hilly as any i know from being excessively galled and gullied is relieved probably of nineteen parts in twenty of these calamities its soil was particularly liable to be washed away tj*a11 letters to tlie editors must be post-paid or they will not he attended to tt.iil ! lirst of arts source of domestic ease ; pride of tho land anel patron of the seas observations on rowing wheat among indian corn — before and after the corn is gathered — the result compared — on white clover — horizontal ploughing — high land meadow oat etc c in a letter from col john taylor of caroline county virginia to g iv jeffreys esq of north-car olina communicated for publication in tlie american farmer dear sir : i have repeatedly tried the dif ference between sowing wheat among indian corn before it is gathered and sowing it after taking off the stalks without being able to dis cern any forward corn especially in your climate might be cut and removed in time to sow wheat ; but this cannot be done to any advantage in large crops because the la bor cannot be performed in time by the hands on the farm and in leaving the corn out to dry after being taken off much loss is sustai ned in your climate 1 suppose the season for sowing wheat extends from the 20th of september to the first of october even here it is done in that period by this time the fodder being gathered the corn sustains hut little injury and the wheat may be equally elistt.buted all depends upon ploughing it in properly to make the earth meet in the line of the corn — to plough deep and cover the wheat shallow — and to leave very deep and wide water furrows are the objects to be attained the hoes following the ploughs only for the purpose of chopping the few spots in the line of the corn remaining unco vered and hanging to the ears that may be broken off in sowing wheat i mix up gyp sum or wood ashes bushel to bushel with the seed and find it useful to check insects — to preserve the seed from theft — and in some degree to improve the crop virginia caroline port royal march 2 1817 for ten years past i have been trying a grass called here the highland meadow oa the egyptian oat and the peruvian grass it is probably known among you by some of these names at first i was discouraged by its growing in tussucks but hy sowing it thick i find it to be the best highland grass i know and i would sooner relinquish the red clover than part vvith it its qualities are to produce heavy crops of fine hay in strong land — to bear drought better than any other grass — to live in land where red clover per ishes and to afford to it cover and vegetable matter to bear grazing well — to adhere long to the land — and to yield both good seed and good hay at the same cutting the greatest defect i have perceived is a propensity to shed its seed whilst yet green this is only to be watched and remedied by cutting it at the proper juncture for the sake of securing seed it is an excellent grass to be sown with red clover by rendering the hay more easy to be cured it may be sown with oats or wheat or alone its power of resisting drought and preference of high land and ca pacity of existing in sandy soils seems to adapt it for north-carolina and virginia i have given its character to induce your socie ty to give it a trial lest you may not have it a few seeds ate inclosed planted this spring and properly nursed they will be a stock equal to that which has furnished me with many bushels this grass for high and tbe red top for low land are likely i think with us to prove more valuable than the red clover and timothy st l.'iiks s.'.pt 2 the latest news from lisbon mentions that government are treating with thc patriotic army and will call the cortes immediately supvleuenf to tiie universal m din i auo 31 1820 by an express which bus arrived at ihis court from corunna which place it left on thc 28lh inst we learn lhe following news of the revolu tion of portugal : that ii was commenced in oporto ancl its provinces by the portuguese troops who proclaimed the constitution and whatever the cortes might institute and their august sovereign don john vi that several other garrisons had followed this example that d n barros a portuguese colonel of the 9th regiment of infantry had taken command ofthe province of minim general wilson who com manded there having been displaced ; that all the offices held hy lhe english had been e;ivcn to natives ; and finally that thc liberty of the nation had been proclaimed at lisbon and the authori ties arrested after some bloodshed the white clover having horizontal roots and being a dwarf species seems to tr.e to be less calculated than the red for improving land nor can it i think be brought into general use or made to flourish under the in closing system because it requires a close soil and that system will render even a stiff land too open and friable for it hence i have seen it extirpated from soils by changing their texture with inclosing where it existed previously in some degree it is however decidedly the best grass i ever saw to be com bined with grazing treading the ground seems necessary for its existence and when red clover is severely grazed it never fails in stiff land to be eaten out by white per haps in land so strong as to produce the lux uriant growth ytfu mention the white clover ought to be encouraged that species of manure which will have the least effect in loosening the texture of the soil must be the best this is ashes but any combined with grazing to prevent the earth from becoming too friable for it will highly improve it this closeness of the soil with the nature of its roots causes deep ploughing to be more diffi cult in white than in red clo er sods yet in lands so peculiarly adapteef'to white clover it is probable that it may be preferable to any other grass ; and that by partial and judicious grazing united with manuring to the utmost extent it may be made tcj afford cop-ou s-p this information is confirmed by other ex presses which have just arrived from ciuelad hod ri go ancl badajos it is snid that they have adopted thc spanish constitution conspiracy in france the following is extracted from tlie government ga zette published at madrid august 29 18.w pai1is aug 20 the government has been lor some time ad vised of the existence of plots for exciting the troops to rebellion it was assured that the ex cellent spirit which animated the l-'rench soldiers would render abortive the projects of some indi viduals always ready to sacrifice their honor and the repose ol the country to their pride and ava rice the government watched their steps — these fools thought it was in their power to over turn thc throne and the institutions which trance owes to her king a certain iusiiihcr of the of ficers anel sergeants ofthe corps composing the garrison of paris were seduced and some ofthe royal guard were among the conspirators last night these officers proposed to go to the barracks to assemble the soldiers to march against the palace of our kings and proclaim as sovereign a member of thc family of bonaparte ; but several of those who were supposed to be se duced by perfidious propositions informed their hiefs without loss of time of thc plot which waa about to be put in execution the government could no longer delay the persons concerned in tiiis criminal conspiracy v.crc arrested by lhe gens l'armes it appears that the plan of the conspirators was to j •" ■'. possession of vine e lines where a fiic -"!■' . t about 3 p.m but wis soon extinguish perhaps the book stores may afford some new agricultural books but being old retired and not conversant with them no knowledge of any such have reached me i remain sir your most ob'dt servant johx taylor yesterday morning sirs i late n y mercantile ad vertiser the wife of mr john prinjjlc watch-maker no 2 nassau-street was safely delivered of three fine healthy beiys ; the mother and buys are doing well mrs i'l-in gle is a native of scotland snd has been less than twelve months in this country our correspondent ob*c-rve thi rather contradicts thc doctrine of this english reviewers who ita that every thing dv^«..i-.r-_'.e;i in america it is said that in opening a vault at conr.v ireland a box has been found containing the ori ginal manuscript of thc poems of ossi.m writ ten hy an fri.h friar named tcrrence o'.neal in 146:5 thc translation y *•*••-;'. • • . • . • • r.'.".'.'.-rt"l }} v ' perlw'jt ossein's poems