(£® id l/"r_ltt il i&?l i 1 r i 1 1 t vol iv " - salisbury i c august <>, 1869 j\q 31 educational patronise your own institutions the kxorci-ei of the c moord female gollego.nl statesvlile will bo resumed the 1st of september i ext hoard fuel washing silo per month tuition in regular classes from ijiiieio to i)i per ni mih music drawing painting arc extra at moderate rates ; payment half in advanee fur term of four months ending dec sw for further particulars address k f uockwelil statesvlile july — i'm president university of n carolina thk fall session of this institution will commence on the i sib day of august prox and continue twenty weeks prepar atory and normal departments and a gen eral course of university lectures will be opened i.niiiv expense including board i tu sum all the benefits ofthe institu tion are olfi.roda fruo of charge to a limited number of residents in the statu apply to the |» esiniln solomon pool chap.-i hill inly iih 1800 37--(iw istalesvlllo male icadcmy j b bill a m i r1 „ ( .„. al , till i'm l term olthisseliool will open mi the sth i,i september and continue sixteen wocks tuition : m.i i ,,,„•, i primary 8 8 00 i 1 - ) inter liale lit ou classical dopartlnelil 10 00 contingent i'oo 1 00 hoard iu good families at 12 per month one half of tbe above charges is required in a i aiice or further paiticulav addrosstho principals duly :*•), iso'.l jo vim miss aice pearson's bcisool . will ro-opeuou alondav fupt 13 i860 terms i 420 per session i.atiu and french ach .■?:.. juiy 30 30:'jw edge worth female seminary i he next session will com mence on the lirsl monday of september the entire expense ol heard and tuition wiil be from js100 to illll if paid in advance each hoarder will furnish ber own lights and towels and also a pair of sheets and pillow cases for circular address j m m caldwell juiy 2 1809 — 3m greensboro n c pleasant grove academy i jvtale and female the seventh session wi1.lcom roence ou llie 9th of august next course — english l lassioal mathe matical terms tuition from 5 t 10 r r session hoard with the pi im ipal s't per month l-'or pariiculars address the priucipal at ful ton davie co n c w j f.i lis principal pleasant grove x 0 ( june 25 1809 ( r6 3i ll bin j 1 lam school mj5banevillk n c wm bingham robert bingham w b lynrb rn ] eie session 01 1869-'70 begins ilugust 25tb and contiuuos forty weeks the course ol instruction includes the ordi nary english branches the ancient languages french mathematics book-keeping and the elements ol natural soienoe b*xpense9 including tuition board fuel washing books aud clothing 30o circulars sent on application juno us 1809 24 6 w r^amsxix-n aoassmf the a first sessiou of this academy will oom mooce mi tho lir-l uondiiy in august ensuing pupils can enter at 11113 tiuiu and be charged from th lime cf entrance the rates ol tuition will he us follows j7 b0 i in uu an 1 16,001 per session ul'o immtnu payable at tho end ol every uioiilli nt pains \\ ill in spaii i lo give pupils a thorough training iu nil the branches usually taught in ft first class academy tjia aoadeinv is located in .-. healthy and moral coainiunitv in irankliii township fblir iniles from salisbury on tho now rond to mocksvlllo boiiril outi bo i nl in i-e-].ei tabic fo mi i lei from 7 to 8 dollars permontli 1 ll iiotubock june jb ism tii.tin 1'riqclpal professional atrtjrney at l.\w lexington n 0 \\ ill practice in the courts of davidv hit forsythe guilford alamance and llun dolph counties . hit itii-t.t k hon r m pearson u.j of x c raleigh ■ 10 i heinle associate justice " ■ thomas settle " " " '• r v dir.k " " " " bedl 1 i brown yanecyvllle n c " hon john ki.tr ■ j 11 m0l1 an greensboro n c " thomas rnflln jr •' j m cloud dobson n 0 january 29 i 109 a tf 10ii s heivdersoiv attomey & wsellor at law salisiii'kv x c t will attend promptly tothecollec tim of ( llnitris feb^g — ly dr c a henderson 1 l a vino resumed the practice of medici up ifully oilers his professional services u the public 1 ll'l'll i : the one late nconplcd by white head & heudorson calls may be left eltbs ai his olliec rn ai kutii ■' drug store balisbury j i i'l ' q-tlr dr i vj jones jiavimi | im ltod 111 salisbury offers bi 1 iticr.ii i services to tbe public ol ficc uii council strei t oppo ito the cintrt ilnusp and noxl door to tbu law utiles of hon muil.;m oraigo may j 1609-1 f i>"ox sale v fine new buggy apply to wji 1.1am il i all ■ v j tit 1 . ;>-, . v m p legal notices state of north carolina montgomery county superior court spring term 1809 james haywood ailuimi.-iiator of james hay wood br deceased against benjamin hay wood richard iluyw i lames i hay wood aud wife iticy w k haywood si 1 ., and wife nancy w r haywood jr ren jimin k haywood and malin.la haywood petition to rathe real hftiait assets it appearing to the satisfaction of the court that benjamin haywood and richard hay wood cannot alter i\ur dilligenoo bo found within the limits ol this stale it is ordered that service be made by publication for six weeks successively in llie old north state a newspaper published in the town of salisbury n c notifying the said non-resident defend ants to appear at the next termof said court to be held for said county at the court house in troy on the lourth monday after tho second monday in august next and answer the potl ■ lion ol said administrator or the same will bu taken pro con/ltto aud heard ix parte os to them witness c c wade clork of onr said court at ollice in the town nl tiny the lib monday alter the second monday in february 1809 20 flwtpr ice 1,0 0 c wadfe 0 s 0 state of north carolina montgombry county superior court spring term a p 1800 c 0 wade administrator of jonathan rich ardson deceased against j tin richardson david richardson martin morgan and wife i.atiey william jordan and wife lima wil liam fuller ami wife elizabeth spinks rich ardson llirnni richardson marj j rich ardson albert richardson and !' zabelh richardson petition tn make real enlate a is it appearing to tho satisfaction ol the court that nil the above named defendants cannot after due dilligence be found within the limits ofthe state it is ordered that service ne made by publication for six weeks successively in the old north state a newspaper published in the town of balisbury notifying the sail non-resident defendants to appeal nt ihe next ttrm of this court to be held for sai ! count at the court house iu troy on the 4th mon day utter the 2nd monday in august next and answer ihe petition of the said administrator oi the same wiij he tukeu pro confosso and heard ex parte ns to them witness c c w udo clerk of our said court j at office 0 troy the 4th monday alter the 2d | monday iu february next c c wai'k as n this june 22 1869 20 ow-pil 10 stats of north cargziikta i montgomery county j /" th superior (' itirt henry w ledbetter plaintiff against daniel j mcrae defendant whereas the above name plaintiff has in j btituted bis action against daniel mcrae the above named defendant in the supvrl r court ' of said county to recover the possession of real | property held by the said defendant and whereas the said dufi ndant boingn res ident of this state has departed ihcreb ■ to avoid the bervice ol summons oi keeps bim self therein with a like intent ; i is ordered that service of summons be mode l-.y publica tion iu lhe old north state once a week foi at least six weeks successively notifying lhe said defendant to appear before tbe said supe rior court at the court house in tn ;,-. on the ith monday after the 2d monday in august next tlia-u and there to answer the oompl i-tit of the plaintiff in lhe above entitl 1 cause or the plaintiff will take judgment fut the rebel demanded in the complaint given under my hand seal ofinid court this 24th day of july 1809 c '.:. wai'k clerk superior court lor montgomery coun ty n c 30 ow pr fee 8 ) su-aaxao-flrs k nye hutobisou 6 t 1 sumner plaintiffs aoain.-t john e rrown wm j il'mvn z fi v.mie and robert f hole deuudants state of south carolina tu ihe nt tr iff nf rowan county — greeting yon are hereby i unanded to summon john k brown w.j brown 7 i vance and robert v hoke if to be found in your coun ty personally lo be and appeal beloiehis ii n or the judge ofour superior court to be id for the county of rowan ut the court lluusi in salisbury on tiie ih'itd monday in septem ber next then and there to nnswci t -■ coin lait.t a copy of wl ich isservod with ibis - i u inuns and let them take notice lhat if tbey fail lo answer said com plaint during the i.a-.nl i rm the plsintiffs will apply to the jui'ice of said court fur the relief demanded in the com plaint herein fail not an i have you thi and | iboro this writ given under my band and the seal of lli said court at salisbury the 24th day of july a.d 1809 a.judson mason cleik ol the superior court for rowan county duplicate of tbia summons issued to ijiui oomho for william j firivwi : to me klenb ug i lorzebulon li vance aud to mitchell for rob | ert f hoke a judson m i.t c s c j kfortlj carolina | . ... „ ■ r , , \ rowan coun iv [' ; '' ' ''' s ' i court ! k nru hl'tciiison a t.j.somnkn plaint v against ' ioiin k baowm william j bhowh zkrulor ii vam-k and robkiit k hokb defcndaiiis 1 1 appearing to the satisfaction ol liu court by aftldavlt filed tiiat tho defendiint john e ; bao v above named is nol a resi lent ol this i stall — tlml his n ideuce if not known and eat pot al'er due diligence b ascertained an i that after due diligence he cunnol be found in thu state thai a cause of action exisib against him iu favor l aid plaintiffs the grounds of which appear by the swoin ..- plaint — that he is u i proper parly to this action i.ud thai the un , mous and complaint herein weru tiled in hi snpcnoi null ol kow.iii county on tho 24th , day ol july islid ordered that the sun:nnr>ns harem n i eppy o which appears above he wived r to ■ il s.iid jons e linown by publiuation of the lame m a newspaper stylod tl old north stat 1 ' published in the city of salisbury once iii olll i v eel for six weeks witness l ju.l-.on mason clerk of ihe su peri ■ court of rowan county ol ofllue in i sal -'■••- iv ti.e 28ib day ol july 1 09 a jjjpsoj uasow c 9 0 fl i.v t firtv^'l »— — — — — a an in imi i ii mm in mm lje<b>lbnartl state pt'llumilcil wki kl.v iiy xj ej w x m ix rv . 1 3 editor iiml proprietor llivi:s tii vbciuption one yhau payable in advance 3.00 six months " " 1.80 f copies to mi addresbi 12,50 it copies t.i on uddress u,u0 hates of a ilt'n i is in i one square first insertion 1 1.00 b'or eaoh additional insertion 60 special in it ices will be charged io per oenl higher than thu above rates court mnl justice's < irdera willbe publish ! nl at the same rates with other advertise ments obituary notices over six lines charged as advertisements contract rates 0~j h i h '.'. - i j \ w m s c ' iz *_^ sl'aok , g £ i h s p "* i | f ' : i i " i 1 square 92 50'$3 7.*i 9500 98 50 1300 2 squares 1 60 a3 8 50 13 00 bimmi t squares 6 oh 0 ho vi 00|20 00 30,00 4 sqiia'es 8 on 1 1 on 15 00i25 0(1 37.5(1 .' column i 00 ifi nn 20 ooltfo nn 15,00 ' column 18 0021 oo 30 nn 15 nn 75.00 , i column 28 00 40 00 50 00|s0 00 130,00 fr.irn the r,llolgh stai n.l.ir.l . : supreme coultt in ih case of the university railroad com pany vs ir ii jlnliltii — opinion by i ju'tiir rodman — bonds/or building new j railroads declared unconstitutional i mandati us dismissed power of taxation discussed il.'l.l that the equation in art i soo ">. does not apply to thu old debt or to debts fioutraoted in aid of unliiiislied roads no power to build new roads will - out submitting the question to the people ni limit to power of c unties to levy tax es for necissary expenses designated in art 7 sec 2 provided tbey obtaiu spe cial law ofthe general asseinblv.and the need not be submitted to l vote of the ] eo j plr nrixiok of ju8ticr rodman tho petition is filed bv tha university ; iuilroied company claiming to ben corpor ationfto compel the governor and public i treasurer to issue to it certain bonds if the i si.tt.mib required by an act of wen my rat i ihe.l f i ii january 1800 amended by an not ratified 1st april 1800 the judge below | granted a peremptory mandamus and the re i spnndents appealed j the first question is : whois the petition er and lias it a legal capacity to possess the right to demand relief of thu nature pi tlm prayed tor ? section 1 of tl.n act of 30th january 1880 i,'oa : that there shall lie a bn ly | ui ate and politic knowu as the i'liivit-ii railroad companyi with corporate powers and franchises to the same extent is are pus ses.-ed by the north carolina lliili ia-1 ' nn piiuy section 2 requires tha r ' i ' i h railroad from some p iut ■ ar oiina railroad to chapel hill section 3 tho affairs of said ui railroad company shall be managed l n board of five directors to bu appointed bj the governor ofthe state which board shall out oi their number choose a president ait see 4 the board of directors shall ap point their officers aud fix their compensa tion and the salary of tin president subject to the approval of the governor section 5 | rovides for the issuing by tbe treasurer of the state to the president of the company of bonds to the amount of ' 300,000 tu be signed by the governor and ! countersigned by the treasurer section 0 authorizes tho board to make certraiu contracts for building the road and for tin use of the rolling stuck of the nurt carolina railroad company seoti t 7 levies a tax of one hundredth n one per ot all the property iu the state to pay the interest on thu bonds the amendment i of 1st april only changes the number of 01 ; rectors io seven without any minute criticism on this act | it may bu conceded to tne petitioners that its ; effect wits to create au inchoate corporation , to consist of certain persons to be named by i tbe governor to act as agents aud for tiie exclusive benefit ofthe state in building tin railroad and that on the appointment of these persous the corporation became per feet this ooloession however is made : mi t.j.ift to the consideration whethor the per sons thus to be appointed by the governor wore not public officers audit so whether such appointment was invalid for want of confirmation by the senate under art iii : site 10 iltiic suite constitution i fl mcedu also to the petitioners for the sake of tiie avguu;nnt that public agents of ' thin sort if rightfully appointed may main ! tain mandamus against the governor lo com pel him to perforin a mere ministerial re uueossary to enable them to perforin their i public duties with these concessions there will remain but two questions preliminary to the consid eration ofthe main yueslious in this case tlm main questions are : 1 ai to the constitutionality of the aol f assembly iu reference to s 5 art v of tie ' constitution '.!. wh.-'l •!• tl • act is nncnubtitutlonnl in rcrcreuoo to s 1 art v of tho constitution i the preliminary questions are : the cnustitutioliali'.y ofthe appointment of the direct • by the governor without oon ■ urination by the senate 3 whether the not of which it is sought j to enforce the perforinanee is ■ mere minis 1 icrial im i,r am in which the govomol has a discretion ; in which last case it is ndmitl i mandamus will not lie as to tin first preliminary question ; the ci jtutlon an ill sec 0 • ays m the governor shall nominate and by the 1 advice i a majority ol the souators elect up point all iifiii-ci i i i9<i oill.ia'h are establish ed bj ;■-. . ( u.m pi whiuh shall i'o wu 1 — w 1 1 . i m ea i.n btim.rnwimit-11 created by law and whose appolnttnellts arc ' ii othei wise provide 1 tut and no such ohi 1 cer shall be appointed or eh oted by the 1 uti ernl assembly 1 were the directors olli ci'i-s " iii the beuse of this section of the ion stiiutia.il .' f they were il is clear they were created by law subsequent to the coiistltu • ion ami then tl lily question rcmuiuing for c'liismcrnlioti 11n.hr ibis hind would bu 1 whelher the wol'lls who ic a | iplll ul m lit iii 1 otherwise provided for 1 menn othnrwiso provided for by the c'onstitttti e other i wise provided for by the law creating the n were these i ii tors liic.-i '. ." in 7 i.t con's abridg title offlcers and nfllerrs pa jso it is said : " ni y man la 11 public ohloer 1 who hath any duty concerning the public j in w s vs ifaiiu-cll f wall :.'-:,. il is aid " au i'il'cc is n public station or em ploy mont conferred by th appointment of government the term embraces the ideas of tenure duration iimolumenl and dull j ami il was held thai i 1 lerh i au assistant t iva si tie i was an officer within the meniring of 1 highly penal not rt stat 1 ex ret wm h vs in of moore county \. (.'. 1 i ill tb a court recently had intension to consider who were ollicers of the state under amendment xiv of the const tui hm of tin united suites in that case the r,.iiri without professing uu exhau-t.ve snuinoratiou included under that iletiniiion such persons its standard keep ors hay valuers entry takersj iuspeetors of flour douuty surveyors county trusl . -. ac hut that deuisiou proceeded grcntly upon those persons being re(|iiiied by law iiev code h hi t.i lake an oath to support ihe constitution of the united si a a ground i which would not inapplicable hej'l . mime ore however two sections iu the male ill siiiutii.ii from which it may be gathered wlm kind of stale agollts tlllll itistruil en i inleiid ed tn class us • i iii--i'it art l sec 5 say in the absuu i'any contrary p visioti all officers lu this slate whether here tofore el eel ed ur appointed by lhe i in ven i of shall hold their positions only until other up ointments lire made by lhe gaovernor ac all other ollicers having been dsewlut 0 pro vided for by tho constitution there vras uoth ing for this suotion to operate on e cept tin class nf state ait'tit i avl ich these directors be'ong viz : such .- thedireo is i the sev eral asylums ( li.-v code ch 6 nud tin statu directors in the vai ious bank ■ a .■! rail road companies in whiuh tiie s tate had stock ; nml we knn.v that in fact it was applied t these ivilji'ill any ipi t ill of iii pro liely art xiv sec 7 says no person shall u dd morn than one lu r itive office tinder the sti t nt the sane time i'rovided that officers in the militia nstlces ofthe | e ice commis sioners of public t.-iri'ie , and coin mi sin ers uppoiuted fur s ial pnrpo os s all mil be cousi li i-'-d officers within the insuring of this section thereby im ilyl ; that coininis i iiu-rs fui bpouial p irposes worn ohi '-..-" within the meaning 1 1 the cnustituliou el»e where and that spe.ial words of exelusinn were 1 ei 1 r in 1 particular case then what is ihe meaning f the words unless otherwise provided lor in section lo .' it seems clear thai they moan ' ui •■ - otherwise provided for in the constitution ' ir nearly every officer the constitution ex pressly provides the manner of npp inttnent bul its fraiuers seem to have uppri'lieiided that some might have been omit l.d and there f re put in this generiil nliiuso to cover all others ')'" read tl words ns applying to the vot of assembly creating the office would make ihem useless m iu the ab"en ie of ail constitutional pr vision on the subject snob would be law for iti such absence the ' l en era 1 assembly in ere.it ing an ollice might surely prescribe how it should be filled — moreover this meaning would seem to be absolutely exclnded by the mils und ii such oificei shall l:e appointed or elect"d by the ga oral assembly we e appointed must n-l'er to au appointment by the govern or ahuie second prelimiin ry question : is the net which is required o bo done t on nly minia te rial one ? it is conceded ihal if the respon dents may exercise a discretion in respect to it its performance cannot be compelled by mandamus the ncl is merely ministerial in its nature but it seems to mo that the time for its performance is left disci elionary li will be observed that the language of section t ofthe act ofthe lliili january l8u9 is not ini]ieiaiive it nays to seotirn the oomplo ti.ui of said road coupon bonds nf the slate are hereby authorized to beissued c if we give to this word its proper weight it can hardly bo supposed that the legislature in tend d to make it imperative on the govern or and treasurer fo i iih in one mass bonds i t . the amount nf 300,000 immediately on ; passage of the act and wit i t nny regard j to the price at which th y could he sold it could never have been intended that the slate should be thus made llie victim of lhe broker d wall street union i in ip from any quarter tho language was therefore pur posely permissive only ami the iutentlon was that the governor should pm these bund on tin market only as funds n.iuhi be needed for the work of ihe road nml imlj when in his opinion the prl ifferod was a reasonable ■ me that discretion he bus exercised by re fusing to deliver them at llii-i linn , i ciiii-luih fr thes iisiderntlons 1st ! that the directors of tliu i uiver-ity kailn ad company were such public officers ns required coulirnuitioii by tho senate 1 , thai the ap pointments having been mudu by the gov ernor alone are invalid and thai consequent ly the inchoate corporation collt'iuiplnted by the act has not vol been | oriented tbeiu in-ing no person in esse entitled to receive the bonds spoken of in ihe act the re ip md em 1 id nut lawfully issue them bud — that the not to be porforrm d was purposely left discretionary as to the lime of its perfor mance an i hence cannot be commanded by thi it as these views dispose if ih present case wo might decline io jo further llll ' the c.nisi'l.iiiti f the main questions which have in mi argued bul aware as wo are that thu principal object of this suit was 1 obtain the opinion of this court on il n stiiiitioniility of that part nf the act of 80th january 1809 whiuh authorises the iss f state bonds lo build ihe university if tin 1 i ii 1 on il nslitutloiinl limit of slate taxa tion : ami a-aare nlsoof the profound iutl'it i with which both of these questions are regard ed by the people of thi stnte and of tin im portent consequences which ill resuli from our decision tiie court is nol willing when il ims formed a decided opinion to n void lis expression and pern il tl n ci so to go off on m itturs in which it may bo possibly amend ed hereafter thv first i.f the frfb ra.iin q*i.*st : ": ■ 1 1 1 ■■■■*^ w b — — i r?*k-.mm ti.i w im nwii nim^llw i • , , . tinned above nrisos undi r art \'. sec i of the is'iiiitii.ii it h conceded ihni the power of ihe general asselubly to bu row money to build a railroad 1 , mil prohibited i by tlic lir.-i clause of thai section ; provided 1 tllx bo levied in the ine bill i prill hied 1 tl tistitiltioiuil limitation if tin ro i a|iplicallle is n 1 ,•---,■,,. '.. i bin il . , , 1 cluiise forbids the general asseinblj - - give j or lend the credit of the state in aid uf 1 . per 11 association or 0i.r(iiutilioii e ccepl lo aid in tii cninpletion of sin h raili ml in iy be iiulinislii'd at the li f lhe a option nf this t lonstii ntion uiile it h h'.bmiii«ii to a vote of the people li will proh ibly b eon led i hut the clause intended i'i ■■ 1 ; to pr ihi id i 1 iie ei-eilii nit e stnte f oin in given in aid of any new railroad itm ll 1 is conien'ii't thai here the ■ 1 do a nol ill aid uf any o ie ll i poses i i i the road through its on 11 11 . cutii . ';. ' with its own means and for its own exci 1 ive hi'llitil . i atl.lil i ll.l lhe hoi 111 i'll co-;ii'l i plated i be il me is nol literally prohiblti d bul in my opinion il is prohibited by 11 natur ' al an 1 , reus liable oiid then . 1 ■■ i in<i i-ii.-i i in of 1 he terms 1 ed t 11 bi mu t be d"ii in.lli eclly wl t b il 111 • ,. rectly a prohibition to 1 1 one ml ic in n certain dire tion is 1 1 rohibition to go two ; a prohibition to p.-nd mu dollar for 11 ■■ r taiu purpose ia also 11 prohibition to spi ml iiini e than 1 u i dollar : mil a prohibition to render any nii to tin it inr in doing a certain act nius by all rcnsouable 1 li hi ■■• trued ns a prohibition 1 gain t il ling the 11 t nl all lu dwa'rris or fitatutps 7-m7 j maxims it is said : if the statute i l.d li hid imiti that i ii al should steal one horse should i " isted of his clergy then tin iv had been n 1 qui jlloli al all if .; ui.ni had sto \ leu 11 horses thu 1 one lint that ha had been within the statute omi mains a ■ net \ in se mil t to hold tlml »■! 1 11 the gen oral assembly is solemnly prohibited using the credit of tiie state i.i giving ihe 1 tdiglitrsl aid to any on clsi ' iu building i of a ittllro ul il mi ui'vi rtheless us i lull ci-edii t ' hiilld the whole ro id i al n hi il is forbidden to impose iiii y part < f tin burden mi lhe |'....| le it may imp n ll a i10i0 i v ul i seem i be the exercise of an uucotii moliduble 1 • utiiui s to es plain away : 1 ' notliing - ib : ii lu igi .-. : ' tended to be i bulivtll of tlic people's lights 1 ! r .'.-:. 0 ■ i 1 ' nil ih ( ' hi i 1 ion i ittilo of the • m , 1 u iml bcttl d if an a ii101 lo i i iim a i.l le id to un ol ■ . ii ■ : n ii ; ■ . in he departed i . i • ri lu 1 tan • : v - . ; w blood reel should n s r was ruck wii d f m n ir i y 1 him on tl 1 • 0 heal til did tin r on . " - ■ ■ in l'o illi 1 1 1 t a dan .- ol 1 loo liber -' 1 ructi ■ . ■ u • ■•-■ iln iv rd per 1111 had hi left ol aid cl - ■ . 1 : ■ ! 1 lint 1 : i tlic 1 dit of tl he to a 1 • ' ill aid 1,1 a iin pi rson ' had been 1 i ' ■ . ialion ' ui led en lid it have | pari -- : m ■'...■ ' ft wi ly be c ii nr i that the omi ' 11 if . it ni thcas 1 word .... i.i make nnj dilfcronrc in tiie i-pirii and meaning , ton 1 - r ctl liberal v inslrui , ion ibod erciidi w i be wr great it i t 1 c oh . > i i this i nol a penal 1 ■■■ ite un i tli r 1 irii i 1 ii-ii-ii 1 bul nm reser rig 1 to the pi irjde : an l s r '.:'■■ i ' ■ irati lli its prefixed to th i on : ' il on ays : al p wi rs not hen in d h gati d rem ->■. : - , :: people -." ii 11111 -:, 11 re icceh 0 11 lib r d coin tl'll lion to al , 0 !■ ■ u 1 np , press tbe mischief in lhe con tl i.cti 11 1 ■ '■ iti we must i - '- ul the dd law i.i . und the rei-i ; led t h t he old law here w ts tli 1 th ■ i i i m.tiiii 10 niriia an unlimitod -• .: debt and b t .'■ abuse of iiii power v rk • f int rnu i ii rov ni uts ihr utencd lhe bn ki cy 1 di iliyni r ol the state and the ru n nf tin p - pic the reue iiy intended was to re.-tri . lb . r of tbe legislature to incur i bt >, and t • bail liu ■ i rail ids had i tile 1 • of tho . .■■ : t i'i it in rei 11 ne ■ to lhat h rcpiirit sanction . : tlio pec i t in in 1 1 1 1 - 1 ■ . ' nadc it pi i lis to col ider tin 1 ilutii ilia il v 1 '- : . i 30 h - : i inary iso i in . i ■ in , ihiii of the 1 onstitutinii in i ■' ■■ 1 , ■! . 1.1 i'm i.l , il 1 nil 1 . . !. - lion l ol li ami vrtielc section says : j 1 lien ; iv shall lew a ca ntion tax on 1 in 1 iii mil f tl stale bet \ 1 ' . whi ii - hall i ni i i pach to tli tax i . 11 1 nip iv va 1 i ■ ■ . .- , , , si ti 11.11,1 nit capitation lux con mil nevei exceed two d ihi ■ n lhe lu it i too 1 lain n admit 01 an urj umi ut iii 11 lli 1 ! i nt of this section i.t to establish an invtiri abli 1 roporllon i etwi 1 n if poll n und iln prop i-ty tax and thai as the fori i limit i t 1 .... dollars on the p ill so i lhe i ■ dollars on tbe llireo li indeed doll in \ all atio ol property i he nioliv - for sueli 11 limit 1 ion may be inferred from tlic provision 1 tin ' bljiuli 111 h-i if without looking ul tin d.-h.it 11 ( unvuiition to which wu wt ru ri fi 1 n d i u ■ ( ii-iitiition udmittetl m il nfti ;. e a clu 1 il pi 1 on w ho had nuvi r i > mil • rl lo il 1 fore 1 t'tii lu 1 ibers mu on half ol lhe foi in ■■■:■. i'm ion nml ii.i 1 hi a thai iin dm . lllll ' int 1 11 .-. 1 1 -.'.., . . , 1 ■ . , ■ i . . 1 !].■-. il in in » hai umialur.il 1 oniliii n of thii 1 . , lum imi which v r of tin . ..." pow 1 1 ; uhoiild ol li in .. iii.j 11 ily in tliu i.t i '■ mi bl ul li inpt lo put on thu other and tu portion of tbe public biirdi n 1 llrroui h liixu 1,1 1.1 ■ \ , ui il 1 ■ n i-i ntion ol prut 1 1 ;. bj nun hei u proportion wu • established ; lo pn 1 iln nppl u of 11 tin il 11 ir i 1 ■ ■■ in c 1 in was limited thi propori md ihi ii appl eipi-dly i iill suite ii .' ■.'. luiti rer bu uol « iih • ' 1 1 1 . < i fori e a 1 home it is al luleb imp rativc und a tux laid 1 1 pfol tsiotls iipl i a , i'l a in iniu r . 1 111 1 . nature nf iho objects ol the tax ami the provision ■[ tlic 1 on tiluti inr io be merely difi ctovy ; tl.nl is to drc .-. 1 i lhe di uii ' ni im ' b regarded if 1 1 ibli 1 isl will all iin m in ol ho it ill . bji m . iln 1 ni 1 tion bul if these cannot hn iuod a ilhin iln limit snd piii 1 1 , i-i in : di i'cgni'di il and nf this it iii i tin u ily be ii i'll ini 1 rlanl 1 in ih is wl i nre i 1 ep lion in in tl i gem nil rule 1 i . li ■ , 1 llllll lhe inn 11 i in j pi im t i.f il ih hi .... ' '. ii ■ xii.li d ul 11 of the t ' 01 iin 1 . tin i v hicli v i 1 1 ■_■ hi in in urn tii nl tie 1 ii i cli 111 1 1111 ■ xcoption t no l 111 llnii 11 peel in ihe d hi of lhe sluti w n intcntii n ihal what ' ... .... , ' itl.l bo si 1 in ii 1 n tl p ■ 1.1 nl for sny bul tin ui u-l m • tt !-, r a ...... ■■ ri imi inwwiwwwyw.wmw.imwwwww 1 w only iiml i ii li iiavd und n riel ion as would il wns believed nufhee to inmirc icaio i.i and i il ion i c ion i of lhe itcelars ii a i i i,i i news lhe ' led e ol uu lu th i the state to l ltd | iiynu nl of the a i liiijj debt ; and i nf a rt v prnviih - for i lie prompl p j mi in of tho lull : i and tin ci - ntiial my inei i lhe princiniil ',■ a tax on iho proper ly • , i .,- . te w lieil ve r ll idi c li i cerlaii ly n i ich ni i i nccei larily ha e exb led a io ivhcllier ia ition within ih lini i i i i , . i i fliei fill iln 0 ell !■ islu t p . . i ,, || il ia lo eli'uel tin in ■ ipeil lie tl 1 tl . , i i . i portion a -- , ih bed by .--■ -. 1 h twi mi prop rt v an i polls wc are , i oi n that bee 4 1 inl ui i in i ■ iudop ii leul ni sue 1 i ry to iid.-r ii n i order to rivo it ihi 1 1 lleet can i iven to i entl itli i ■ rnl mode of taxa ■■ , , i pi ■ etl in hen l ind 1 1 limii pn i iud ... hoc i ti i il ral pruvia-ioi o lo be obsi i ; i ii dhiht th ii ou lhe pi ineiple i ii a pi rl nl | i.i overrides in tin r lar vt i ■ i for all mi i i -■ in ral rub tlic gen i ' nil '■ -.. i ■ rdnl i ore m ih mr 1 ■ i ' nil ill 1 -, -. if tin i . ininjj of the vi d ' ■. ■ ' he i idei i - i ■ ■ 1 1 ei 1 1 ] iin i i > . iat may bo its technical ii nl i in ac ot congress l'i li iuji 10 dutii i rted ! iu i | i i de ni d ni iliei i . - i in oui lum ofthe | mi | - . it iiii quire a,i da . ii from ;, i - il rule o un in - i . , ire i e can be ad mitted ii i m ; ~ tho '■ eril aiui-e to contr n 1 i ...... : : '. ■ . i i , i .. . , . , i i 11 mm , :. wii titer the bonds of the h ate arc nl par . ;■ not \ itln ml levy ing 1 pi ctnl la < lo i in hiten - :. : :. i or the ordinary n d i guvurumei i linn is in it ] . iboul levy iii tax to ] rest j if ih . not lei 11 11 li a tax mi l'o ai ■ in tbe cui ipli 1 1 were i rm mil tinlini in . il 1 1 . 1 of tile 1 on ' : ■■;'■ 11 1 c ... j . ; , ■■•■ 1 forbidden to « i raet tinj new del i withi mit.*ing llio ipiestion to : t.i vi ■■.- of tin people these objects - •■ pel - ■ 1 taxaiion 111 u di tin . ii in ci from 1 n li 1 i bv lhe i of thi conditii , and hy il lei .. h 11 . nn he ini llllll foi . i ' t invi ii 1 • intiuhi m mi ■- m . ;., 1 ,• . . . in 11 : ii 1 ■■ ln-i ii limit bill not 1 1 ling the aid i iinlini ibed is it c 11 : ■ - | ■ . 1 . 1 tin me seoti to eon ...... i on i n i : . 1 ey a 1 1 '. '. ■ ■-. vo distin i-i 1 1 if tin 1 . .. 1 -. eed , . -, t v iif the 1 ' ot for tv ei - 0 ip 1 that tl i . ■ . m the 1 • aver ol ill - i cu imrrowin iii ii 11 ; the limit of taxatii 11 ui : ■; . ', 1 • . i 1 1 r . 1 av i 11 i |. 1 v i ' ■ i i ic i m i ■• " i 1 . ■' ". ■,' i 1 i.i 1:0 provision in ich a n to llio 1 oplo '' li fill i ... i ii.l'.m i will tl 12 to t.i a lo the ■ permit i by thi li in see t.i nol plicable li ini lie not i howevi r thai in iii on there u li 1 mend 11 ■ there i in rieo 1,1 ■ ■ m . . llbi lhe 1 ■';, bu oui di 1 be i vi d on pro - , tin 1 mu u -.-, lhe i 1 1 11 i left nl lib ■ 1 . to i y the tax n - i rquy thin c b t cither on pro arty or polls or imrcliases ,-.-•.. or nn alii ■ ■ !. - ■ . um . to ■: "■ ,; iniilii 1 i in which ihcrt i 1 : ■■ in to disp 1 ■ w ith tluil th tax on jni ■■ hall be iiniii i am thi'refor of opinion thai the 1 . i ion t ; \ ri ti i iii , d by si <-. 1 is nol ini 1 . - : , : ! i i lhe ptir posi i'on i in ' ; i . th ■' it n ni c i.i i - - 1 " in " y dire rv or 111.>n 1 n ;■ 10 the 1 ir'nl in ant i t its ibsi rvtmcc cunnol be enliii i by i -■ courts tbe view whid i take ol lb .-■ nstitiiti 1 nl p , i of the 1 . '.■! i 1 i , . iim who .'■•- interested in ihe 11 11 lion nl new aii ■ .-. , . •■ - i'm 1 i ' .. . ■; . lute . i lir boll renumbered that not the dul ; m ,,.-'. i ... : ,,, ■ , irt to 111 '..• bii imply 1 declan lie ig • i ..-..■ : ti i a ' , , . , ■ e '■ ; 1 . . . of the pei ile to i . i.l ■ i mti f be i hei ot in an 1 nee ry to i lo 1 1 ■ 1 . iii present cirem i.i . eople will 1 fi i ■ ihal ii ti n » hi h in li ve i-i laim i the 1 ighl in gly 1 or ref 1 . un i -.-. inch ii eiv ii a ilds all fiu'tli r 1,1 i -.. . to lb - ■ nml it ii iim hi 1 . lud that the alii ni 1 lo limit ihe legislative |- '■■•■■ r ei las ition iu the mam r of thi constitution i lilo i r iitiil it 11 nil t ex peri i an ■■ . ... , i t is n 1 1 i lied i eiv i ii origi nal that un constitutional re i ill draw n can 1 . cr form un ell ' ■ ; ii ir ve 1 i , ol ii . iiii ive foil or veliali 1 ; 1 hut ill islu 11 nee iril are 1 hut led a li gi it 1 •■ - vi ;■ the e ' their con ituci i : ion of such i a - li til leai ■ : ' liiein ; and linuily that by lhe eon r id i 1 wide l liny leavi i lo 1 iiiii lain llie two eblei institution in r ; i.t e lo ihi lilli d lha ■■■'■. 1 i 1 of the ex i 1 ii .- . del and oxcepl und r ii 1 i ex r lordiii ry ■ ii-euinsriincos absolute nud 1 1 it.hu ' . ... . .' i iu , ■:;•,'. i lum 1 . tin t i'm :. ■ di 11 ': ions which in the argiiii counsel '..• 1 led 1 - • ■ . ble ol llie pu le ) rioritj nl pu ige ol 1 ,-, hille for purp 1 - 1 uol l i-i nary impoitai 1i.0 c « hi 1 were ■■■'■■■, also of ipi ion w hieh 1 ri -' in ■ : lhe 1 ' isl 1 ■ hold wan rb tl full limit of i 1 for slate purpose 1 , covin no margin to tli bnimlh 1 for ii ii in 1 . ■- -.' ■ ■ ■',• i . 1 1 ,. iot 1 iral .''-. with thu wi id l-i lnlion v iiii li wo um ■ ho d with that 1 11 ■ 1 bedi ■ in ; ; , iiml 0 1 • in tbe ii"p rativc pn coii lu . i '■ ' lo , il i i i'i • ich ■ i - can 1 i-i 1 1 would ! uuw 1 n 1 in mm tin li tlic pm ' ■ i mi ■ er ii . ci ll nion the j ' um 1 i llnllm be rev hid llll 1 ■ ; , 1 -. ■ , i 1 anl 1 ii ml nun ini ■ . li warrciiio , \ , h is iu ;■ ;...■ 1 > glirtll |..\ llollll ; ■ 1 , . 1 henry 1 uu 1 inond iii il » oi'i ] 1 1 '-'... , ■ 1,000 nl which wu ' j in real . si ito and thu balance in n al property from the liu ral new yorker essex hogs the improved essex is justly consid ered ono of tho most valuable ot tho loiglish breeds of piga li was origin iiiiil by tho late lord western of lis bexshiro uui ims since been extensively lind and disscminntcd by vv fisher limbs vim had unusual facilities for.in mining tho very best animals on which he has inailo considerable improvement this breed is said to have carried off a very large proportion of tho prizes nl the showj el the justly celebrated stuithfield t inb cnglaiia 1 his 1 reed was derived from a cross of nn ive hogs of l'ss'-xshire with lhe nea politan lli y closely resemble the last named both in form and color but have better 1 form and size milch more hurdi in h i and a belter constitution stevens in his book of tin farm says of them • — as tothe breed that allows the greatest disposition to fatten together with a due proportion of lean meat i never saw one equal to that or iginntcd by lord western of lssex i in y an i xceudingly gentle indisposed i travel far could attain if kept long real weight and are so compact inform ind small of bone offill that they inva ri ibly yii id greater weight of pork than was judged before being slaughtered t and inure delicious bam was never cured tiuiii ihcy afford the its.-ov i.s usually black but liko berkshire it is not even skin deep the color being entirely confined to tho hair ind outer or scarf skin when dressed by tho usual mode of scalding and bcrupiug the skin is quite white tha meat is of superior quality the fat being firm and the lean tender tine grained un i ich in flavor they also like the 1:1 hires aro quit froo from cutannoi s diseases their skin being usually smooth iml healthy however much they are ex i io the sun and mud and as com pared with i • kuffoll they attain greater weight al a year old but tbey greatly it semble ihe suffolk ill every ihing except in ca lor are more hardy and yield a larger proportion of lean mi at the essex were first brought into gene ral n.itice in the united siait-g about the y ar 1852 ware greatly indebted to l'o i i i morris of l-'orilliani westches i-i " .. '• . v for iln ir more general in troduction lu having made importations from 1851 to 1854 and ho seems to have been very fortunate in his selection of i'.im ils for import ition ns he lias im portcd and bri d pome of tho finest tswmo i vi r ' vl.il lied in the united states his llerkshiree suffolks and essex were in variably of llio liui-st quality and his stock have perhaps done more to improve the swine of the country than that of any other breeder or importer tin-re have also been several later im portations of essei hogs made samuel thorn of shorndulo mr brewer of sl.i tcn island and hen (_'. s waiuwright have each tnudc importations of viluablo il.-si x wine in the hands of these able and enterprising breeders the reputation of this breed has rapidly risen to tho fronl rai k and is now perhaps as popular a any of the small breeds wherever in troduecd and h-it d the bows are prolific breeders produo ing ! irgn litti re but are rather indifferent uui - b ii dge r.irm 111 berkshire .- fecial notice l;i 1 ill 1 i ,,: nil sorely afficted i ■ wu i the misfortune of the nudersigued to have suflered as few have every suflered i ■ re for ix loug and gloomy years from an nftection of his feel und legs superinduced by overwork during the first year of tho into war during all that time ha was compell ed i drag bis emaciated framo about on crutches in v iin he invoked tl e best nied talen of iho country : and visitoil llio most celebrated mediciunl springs worn down and exhausted ho gave up all hopo of r very al this stage of his case having been governed by his medicul friends from the beginning no detonni 1 to adopt n i of tr ninn nt tlm result of his mi n reflection ii is i ' ngh to say thst this ineihod is not so much new ss ii is the more skillful application of what has been long known and attempted by the physicians a ft i.t m me weeks nf the mo.-t n ii wen ried nn.l " rsc cri tig efforts he win rewarded with i ! e in ■ gi itifj ing results indeed his rap ... t nit and recovery was almost uuikiciil so much so that in looking back upon hi . n i j in ni he can ci eq im i . h mi n ulizo the truly woudi rial iin i i mi idly grateful for this extraordinary !■', .:;-. i 1 ■ desirous of being the means n •! lin-il nil it i in hts i tl e u ho may be similti i ■■ afll ot i lio then fore i ii,|i,-,..s hoi only t i ire it but i'l lii-1 ii ... , • .'.'.' es of the lowi r < xtrou such n old and ill-conditioned i * i.-.-i - of th h . ; i inline \ ins : wo il nml eillnrgi d ,\ c no matter of how longstanding li i mi ■ f the great advantages of his moil ol tn ii mo it ihal uo restrictions are imposed uu tii patient ns regards diet e ei , ... ,*.,•.. mid for thi mosl part little or no medicine is used tt , im , 0 h ill i in ,..■■ ii i o with ., neral depl • ■ on of the limes ; am tlloss i ; ll ; imii m ill be treated without mon , v and without pricii m u ward sill m d i i i ' - if salisbury v <*■ mmv f iviamwwii » irm-i*-,j^.,mm raw t jakkftupi 8<ile of land -■' « im i > i at tin liouso of v i . - ' m.i aw i ix dh i oi ', ,,,- ;.,- i i : mi llvldi t .' '.• imit tin i to nil i ini ■ , , ,', ..... mi i i pled - - ' ' "'.'■ ' ■"• ml i hlng t pm ti ... n li si !■• i " itivii , imo.ntojf m ..„'■ '' l m