Carolina Watchman

              ' i term of the watf-liiiian . l a h«.rim_on per year two dollars payable in ' ■ dvance bul if not paid in advance two dollars i "' i fiftv ets will l>e charged ld"kt.sl vts inserted at 1 for the brat and 25 eta ■ for each subsequent insertion court orderscti irgeo [ j>5 p;.r ct higher than these rates a liberal deduc . tion io those who advertise by tlie ye-ir ilrrtees to the editors must lie post paid a week later from efrope the following is the report of the eu ropean news brought by the niagara as it appears in the new york papers the elections in france on lhe 13th passed off without a single violation of good order xo definite opinion can yet lc formed as to the relative success of i parties no doubt is entertained hut i there is a large majority in favor of peace and order the french expedition lo reinstate the pnpe had not effected an entrance into rome at latest advices the neapolitan army has not been more successful lav ijng been defeated in an attack on the 5:h instant the war in hungary has assumed no new feature the fighting goes on unre mittingly and the fortunes ofthe ilunga ' ians are reported to br in the ascendant they are said to be will in a few days inarch of vienna to which point the rus sians are pressing forward as rapidly as possible ft is thought that the strong liprotest of france seconded probably by k'igland may lave the effect to check ithe advance of lhe russians sicily is again in a state of insurrection for the hudrt dth time jl is staled that the danish question is all but settled : the only positive facts are that he danes lave suffered another de feat and that lord palmerston las inti ■ mated that the attention of lhe british government is still directed to that quar ter with a view to effect a restoration of peace ! the daily news asserts that denmark bas accepted the propositions of ford pal merston : but what those propositions are does not appear the plot gradually reveals itself in ger many the sovereigns have evidently combined for the overthrow ofthe liber alists there has been a formidable dis turbance at dusseldorf on the rhine but it has been suppressed at frankfort the riot was becoming i more revolutionary and anarchial every i day all the moderate men have in con sequence left it ; ireland continues quiet and as misera i blc as ever no further action has been had in the ' house of lords in relation to the naviga tion laws the lords were to go into - committee on the bill on monday no tice has been given by lord stanley and i oihers ol amendments to be offered : and it is considered quite possible that minis ' ters may be beaten in committee and the i bill so mangled as to induce its authors to resign and retire from oflice details ofthe outbreak in canada were laid before parliament on the 15th which iclictcd some discussion of no importance beyond the fact that the government e iviuced a determination to sustain lord elgin earl grey in alluding to lord elgin's despatch said that it would show that he acted throughout with his accus tomed judgment moth-ration and good sense and that he was fully prepared to justify and take the responsiblity of any step of lord elgin no formal discussion of canadian affairs until after the receipt of later intelligence which reached liv erpool probably on the 20th in the cam bria france the closing meetings of the national assembly were taken up with discussion on the italian question in which the min istry finally obtained a majority of 38 it would seem from the statements made on the subject that m odilon barrott did not give any instruction to gen oudinot recommending the occupation of rome at , all ; and it had been determined that the i expedition should proceed to civita vec chia and there remain as a moral check on the advance of the neapolitans and austrians : and only to inarch onward in case of absolute necessity the ministry however were not unaninous in this ; and it is feared that gen oudinot was influ enced in his conduct by the advice of a cert tin faction of which m de fuloni is 1 lhe head on saturday in a reply to an attack by m flocon it was stated that as soon as 1 the government heard that the russians were to interfere in german they wrote at once to london sr petersburgh ber lin and vienna they considered it a circumstance which must he deplored — they would endeavor to annul it by di plomatic means ; and if they should fail the government would then apply to the national assembly for its advice and cir cumstance in consequence ofa vote of censure by the assembly m leon fauches minis ter of the interior resigned his portfolio into the hands of the president ; and it is said that several others of the present ministry will resign as soou as ihey can 0 so without embarrassing the presi dent paris elections — according to the re turns received up to midnight on thurs 1y they show return of 15 socialist can didates according to another statement 11 would appear that !) socialists and 19 moderates had been elected the candi date are known to have obtained a ma jority of votes in paris we notice the faroes of lucien murat ledru rollin victor hugo odilon barret cavaignac an'l pierre leroux constitutionelle states that the election of 52 departments known on thursday ni give the following result : 153 re pjesentatives of whom 298 are modcr es 81 democrats or socialists and 75 uienda of the constitution the carolina watchman bruner & james ) / kf.lt a check rro.v all vour editors «$• proprietors ) ruleks s new series juo this and liberty is safe < gen'l harrison ( volume vi number 6 salisbury n c thursday june 14 1849 italy the austrians entered ihe papal states on tbe north and marshal winpain threat ens with fire aiid sword all tbose who re sist him in the south the neapolitans were advancing for the same ohject bot mpt their vanguard at alhanoand defeat ed them the neapolitans consisting of twenty thousand troops after a short con flict threw away their arms and lied — tin romans had taken fifty prisoners and two pieces of artillery with which they entered rome on the evening of lhe 5th instant a private that wasfrom rome the 18th instant announces the landing of the spaniards at fin micina on the previ ous day a roman division commanded hy rocilli and mezzacapo is said to have entered the abruzzi ; and garribaldi is believed to he armed at another point of the frontiers ready to support that movement tiie neapolitans are forti fying valletti pius ix on hearing the resistance of the romans is said to have declared he would not return to rome at such a price and to have sent a message in conse quence to the king of naples and to gen oudinot to induce them to retire in the mean time oudinot has been reinforced by many thousand troops and he has pro bably now a large and well appointed ar my under his command ; but the enthusi asm of the romans is raised to the high est pitch and if a single handed or com bined attempt to bombard and take rome by storm could be made the defence of lhe city by means of barricades and by the courage of the people will be so well maintained that the austrians are by no means certain of success all accounts concur that it will be im possible to restore the temporal power of the papacy in any form we have before us most frightful de tails of priests being dragged forth from their biding places by the populace and put to death ; their bodies have been hacked into the smallest pieces and then cast into the tiber the combined powers of europe will scarcely be able even to set up his holi ness ajrain on the throne of the vatican the tide of feeling has overflowed him and the romans seem now bent on ex cluding sacerdotal and political authority for ever intelligence hy tebaraph has been re ceived from general oudinot to 13th in stant at which time there was a strong probability that the french troops would be permitted to enter rome wiihout op position in the general's despatch he ! savs '* serious propositions of submission are made to me — already the anchor of j safety to the romans the 900 french prisoners at rome were accompanied to palo with all possible demonstrations of joy a letter of the times announces the landing at fin micino of a spanish force which was marching on toward rome a fresh attempt was being made at palermo to get up an armed resistance against the neapolitans but it appears of doubtful success tuscany anti modena are more or less disturbed by these hostile proceedings at leghorn and florence all is fighting and confusion the tuscan troops hav ing been supported by the austrians,enter ed modena on the llth instant the austrians had not entered bologna at thc date of the last accounts but they had possession of some of the gates and the surrender was hourly expected the bolognese defended themselves nobly — they had offered to acknowledge the pope on condition that he would consent to dismiss all the priests of his govern ment ; but the austrian commander re plied thai subjects could not be permitted to dictate conditions to their sovereigns at venice radetzki has gone further than this the venecians asked for an armistice in order that they might obtain a mediation of france and england to which they had applied he answered lhat the emperor his master would nev er permit a foreign power to interfere be tween him and his rebellious subjects — the austrians were repulsed on lhe sth instant in an assault and the venetian account states that they made a rally and took 800 prisoners which needs confirma tion russia the emperor reached st pete rshurgli from moscow on the 1st instant there had already marched into gallicia en route for hungary to the assistance ofthe austrians 120,000 rus sions with 350 cannon and 27,000 cavalry — jen bern is well prepared to g'i\e them a warm reception in transylvania and there must be warm work before it is over geor gey has posted about notices lhat whoever re fuses to take bank notes shall be hanged germany prussia has followed the lead of austria and withdrawn her delegates from frankfort the other principal powers will now doubtless do the same i'he grand duke of baden has been obliged to fly from his capital whilst in elbertield dusseldrof hagen oselinn and in ail the market towns in rhenish prussia the insur ents hive erected barricades and made the constitution a pretence for tumult at berlin a sort of congress has assembled and baron gagern's scheme of a german fed eral iat has been revived a double confed eration lo be the basis austria consents lu a closer connexion wiih germany the ger man slates and austria are never to goto war they are to form a defensive alliance and a foreign war may be carried on by eiilicr row er if this power do not succeed in proving to the other that its interests are mutually involv ed in the dispute the emperor of austria and the king of prussia as hereditary chiefs of the new ger man federal stale are to appoint commission ers who are to act and advise as the executive power ofthe two governments this scheme has now received the attention of europe but its realization depends upon many conliiigen ; cies lecture on the north and the south delivered before the young ale it's mer cantile library association of cincin nati ohio january 1(5 1849 by ellwood fisher concluded whilst lhe south litis been so much more secure than the north in life and property from individual crime it has been at least equally exempt from social disturbance the apprehensions of danger from the dissimilarity of its white and black population have not been realized the proportion of white and black re mains as at first — about two to one even in brazil where this proportion is revers ed where there are two blacks to one white tranquility has reigned for a quar ter of a century and it is remarkable that brazil and the united states the only two nations on this continent where afri can slavery prevails are the only two which have succeeded in the establish-1 ment of stable and flourishing social and political institutions in all the spanish american states where the attempt has been made to introduce political equality among distinct and dissimilar races it has been followed by incessant insurrection ; anarchy poverty vice and barbarism when the union between the north and south under our present constitution - was formed the social political and eco nomical operation of tbe institutions pe culiar to each were matters of theory and conjecture we have now had the experience of half a century and the re ! suit is before us in the facts i have pre sented ; facts against which neither spec ulative philosophy nor sectional prejudi ces egotism or fanaticism ce.n prevail it v ill be observed i do not compare | lhe whole people of the north with the ' whole population of the south i am now comparing the whites only of both sec \ tions ; it being the first object to ascertain tbe effects of their respective institutions on the whites of the two sections i do not compare northern cities with southern — but the white people rural and urban to gether of one section with those of the other i have referred more particularly to northern cities because the contain so large if not the largest portion of nor thern population — and are the boast and characteristic of the northern system i have also preferred to compare the old states of the sections not only because they are similar in climate and produc i lions but because in them the effects of the two systems are more developed and as has been centended to the great dis advantage of the south there is a class of topics ofa more in tangible nature but not the less important and which are much insisted on in this controversy that now remain to be briefly considered it is urged that religion and education are more prevalent and flour ishing in the north than in the south it is true that the form of religion existing in new england and by law established was extremely strict and self-denying ; as that of virginia tbe episcopal was then one of the most indulgent of protestant sects but it is well known that the pu ritan character has been rapidly degener ating and passing away indeed the forms of lhat faith are no longer donvnant in boston the ancient seat of its power and in their place the unitarians bave pre vailed and they are gaining ground ra pidly in new england a change has occurred in virginia but a change in the opposite direction instead of the epis copalians the baptists are predominant in virginia thus under the operation of their respective institutions the reli gion of massachusetts has receded from one ofthe most strict to one of the most relaxed systems of the protestant faith — while yirginia has advanced from one of the most indulgent to one of the stricter forms of religious discipline there are no means of ascertaining the number of members in all the churches in tbe sever al statrfs virginia has about s0.000 of baptists alone she has 30,000 methodists and a larger proportion yet of episcopa lians than any other state altogether she must have her full proportion but il is in education that the north claims the great pre eminence over the south in massachusetts according to the census of 1840 there were but 4448 white persons above the age of twenty who could not read and write — and in virginia there were 58,787 in ohio there were 35.3g4 ; in kentucky 40.010 in iliinois27.502 in mississippi 8,300 thus it appears that whilst there are more than twelve times as many illiterate persons in the oldest southern as in the oldest nor thern state the proportion changes as we advance westward until we find a great er proportion of them in a new state of the north than in one ofthe south and thus it seems that in the new states where children are not educated at public ex pense and where therefore their parents must provide for them the children of the south are better educated ; or rather perhaps it would seem that the emigra tion from the north is much more ignor ant than the south still howev , the odds of school instruction are decidedly with the north this results from obvi ; ous causes the territorial area of vir ; ginia is probably nine times as great as that of massachusetts if therefore vir ginia were disposed to adopt the com i mo school system it would require nine times the school houses and teachers to afford the same conveniences for attend ing school that exist in massachusetts — virginia is a thinly settled agricu.-tnral state intersected by several ranges of mountains in many places there could not be found ten scholars in ten miles square in such places a population might be able to live comfortably but not to es tablish a school or send their children abroad to boarding schools hence there must be a considerable number without schools in commercial and manufactur j ing states or those of small farms and dense agricultural population this evil is not so much felt but virginia has a system of oral in struction which compensates for the want of schools and that is her social inter j course the social intercourse of the \ south is probably much greater than that of any people that ever existed there is certainly nothing like the number of visits among the families of a city or even : the same square in a city as prevails in the country'of the south and these vi j sits are not fashionable calls but last for ! days and weeks — and they are the great j resource of the south for instruction and amusement it is true that persons are j not taught at such places to read and \ write but they are taught to think and ! converse they are the occasions of in ! terchanging opinions and diffusing intel ; ligence ; — and to perform the duties to ; enjoy lhe pleasures of such intercourse ; to please to shine and to captivate re i quires a degree of mental culture which no custom of the north so much demands ■ accordingly the south exhibits the re [ markable phenomenon of an agricultural people distinguished above all others of the present day by the elegance of their manners and the intellectual tone of their society the north excels in books in history she has bancroft and prescott ; in poetry bryant helled and whittier in criti i cism everett and channing in sculp ture she has produced a powers her franklin has drawn the lightning from heaven and taught it to play harmlessly around our very hearths — her morse has even given letters to lightning and light ning to letters i the north excels in the arts and physical sciences in inventions and improvements she excels in asso ciative action not merely for railroads and manufactures but for literary benev olent and religious objects i do not de sire to detract one iota from her exalted merits and high civilization but in indi vidua character and individual iction the south excels for a warm heart and open hand ; for sympathy of feeling fidel ity of friendship and high sense of honor ; for knowledge ofthe sublime mechanism of man and reason and eloquence to de light to instruct and to direct him the south is superior ; and when the north comes into action with the south man to man in council or in the field the genius of the south has prevailed from the days of jefferson to calhoun from washing ! ton to taylor and it is to the solicitude which the rural life of the south affords so favorable to reflection and it is to the elevated rural society of the south so fa vorable for the study of human nature that we must ascribe those qualities of persuasion and self-command by which her statesmen and captains have moved the public councils and won so many a field the abolition of african slavery in the south has been urged for many years by a portion of northern people and now its restriction to its present territorial lim its is the avowed purpose of almost every northern state the basis on which this policy rests is the assumption that slave ry is sinful and unprofitable the means now relied on to arrest its future progress is not the persuasion of the people ofthe slave holding states but the numerical power of the free states acting through the federal government suppose now tbe south had a majority of votes and were to announce its determination to ar rest the further progress of commerce and manufactures in consequence of their pov erty pauperism crime and mortality what would be the sentiment everywhere felt in the north ? why one of indignation scorn and resistance such does the south feel now ! when the north american colonies confederated for resistance to great brit ain the territorial erae of tbe southern portion of them was 648,202 square miles — that of the northern only 104,081 or about one fourlh as la.ge virginia alone had by royal charter the whole north western territory in her limits and during the war had confirmed her title by the patriotism and valor of her own citizens who rescued even illinois from british power but before the present constitu tion was formed virginia with a magna nimity almost infatuated had ceded to the confederacy for the formal ion of free stales the whole north-western territory now constituting the states of ohio in diana illinois michigan and wisconsin containing 261 681 square miles ami ma king lhe territory of the free states rather more ihan that of the slavebohing the object of this cessioa and tl ordinance of 1787 was to equalize the erea of the two sections the acquisition of louisiana in 1803 added 1,133,103 square miles to our territory of which by ihe missouri . un promise the south obtained only 226.013 quare miles or about one fifth the other four fifths notwithstanding it came 1 i us as a slaveholding province were allotted to the north which thus had acquired more than 700,000 square miles of terri tory over the south florida and oregon were acquired by the treaty of 1819 by which the south gol 59,268 square miles and the north 341,463 making the north about 1.000.000 of square miles tbe mo in 1815 texas was annexed which added only 325,520 square miles to the south even if all texas were included in is is we obtained 5-jg.07s square miles more in the territories of new mexico and cal ifornia and now thc north claims the whole of this also — and not only this but half of texas besides which would make the share of the north exceed that ofthe south nearly 1.500,000 square miles — a territory about equal in extent to the whole valley of mississippi and leaving the south only about 810.812 square miles while lhe north retains 2.007.124 or near ly three fourths of the whole ! and tbis too when the south contributed her full share of the men and money by which the whole territory was obtained in the re volutionary war the south furnished an average of 10,714 men each year and the north 25,875 which nearly corres ponds with their respective number of citizens and that too although the war was waged chiefly against the large cities of the north — cities being in war the most tempting and the most vulnerable points of attack in the war with mexico the south supplied two thirds of the volun teers which constituted three fourths of the entire force employed the revenue by which these wars have been supported the public debt paid and the price for the territory furnished has been raised chiefly by duties which notoriously operated de iignediy and incidentally to promote the industry and capital of the north and to oppress those ofthe south if after all this the south should sub mit to be plundered of her share of the territory now in dispute when as an ag ricultural people she requires her full proportion she would be recreant to her ! interests her power her right her honor and her fame ; — recreant to her history and her destiny one of the proposed objects of these northern reformers is to promote the prosperity of the south 1 have shown that she wants none of their aid and that there are at home thousands of criminals to reform and hundreds of thousands of paupers to be relieved on whom their philanthrophy may be exhausted is it for the welfare of the slave they are contending i hold it o be the dutj even of him who undertakes to subvert ihe established order of things to mani fest at least as much respect for experi ence of emancipation has been ample and diversified in hayti the black after ex'e mina1 ing the white population remained indi pen dent and isolated the exclusive architeel of its own institutions and destiny the result is that they have relapsed into pit tine barbarism the exports of hayti amounted in 17s9 to about twenty live millions of dollars — they do not now a mount to one tenth of that sum the ilaytien contents himself with the cult i vation of a few yams for a mc subsist ence and a mere hut fora dwelling the blacks and mulattoesare .! civil war and yesterday's papers announced that an ar . my of twenty thousand men was advanc ing against the principal town port au prince another plan of emancipition is to send the liberated to liberia but besides the expense of such a system which renders it impracticable it is attended with the death of from one fourth to one half of the emigrants by lhe coast fever the third plan attempted is that by the british in tlieir west indies — the plan of gradual abolition bv apprenticeship and ultimate equality of black and white ; and this also has failed the exports oi jamaica have already in the first ten years of experiment fallen one half the negroes refuse to work even for high wa ges beyond what is necessary for mere subsistence ; the planters are bankrupt ; plantations are already abandoned and the island is hastening to the condition of hayti the fourth plan of emancipation is that which has been going on with us that of manumission by the will of the mastc ; the frecdman remaining with black and white or seeking other states this ex periment has not succeeded the eman cipated slaves does not appear to be will ing to perform thc amount of woik ncces | sary to enable dm to compete sn'-cesefun iy with the white laborer in the state of new york the constitution conferred the right of suffrage on colored persons owning 8*250 worth of property yet in the city of new york in 1s45 out of 11 939 colored people there were only 103 voters and notwithstanding their num bers are augmented by frequent manu missions and fugitive slaves tbey do to increase so rapidly as the slave •>• pal tion which is evidence that th-eii < ndi tion is not so comfortable it is r*'vo a curious fact that of 386,293 free persons of color in is 40 nearly half 183,760 pre ferred to remain in tbe slave states where certainly as a class thev are treated with no peculiar favor in m tchus..n where so much sympathy is express tl for them they cannot or will not live there are now less ef hem in boston than the e were twenty years ago and in both v r ginia and massachusetts there are ten times as many free colored people in the penitentiary n i ■'•: proportion of the white population is it then fir the sal e of such emancipation as the west nd an whicb re its in i lleness barbarism and civ war among the blacks ; or tor libe ria which exterrainn'es ; or the ameri can which subject ihem to crime and want that philanthrophy would under take tn vert in the unrivalled system of southern civilization i i it we ai toi i thai si ivery i an evil v til so is war ■ . evil ti o perhaps is g ivernment i elf an vil since it also is an abridgement of liberty bul • ie of the first objects of oor coi i is to provide for war — lor m fence and the people of th united states re fer the evil of w tr t the great r e being plunder i and subdued thty pre f ;• ti bvil of rrovernraent to the greater e 1 of anarch so tl e people of the s ith pre r slavery to the < vilsofadenso manufacturing and commercial popula tion which appear to be inevitable with out it : and the black man may prefer the slavery of the south to the want the crime the barbarism and blood which at tend his race in all other countries iu thc practical affairs of human life in its pre sent state choice ol evils is frequently all lhat is in our power good and evil in fact become relative and not positive terms and the necessity is recognized by tbe example of our saviour who ap plied the extreme remedy of the lash to the money changers who profaned the temple it is consistent for a rigid sect like quakers to oppose slaver because they proscribe and repudiate war and luxury and all other evils and we may til hope for the time to come when in the progress of christianity the vil of slave ry in the south and those of pauperism crime and mortality in the north will be greatly mitigated or abolished but the north can now make no protest because the luxurious system of northern civiliza tion not only subjects the great mass of people to unwonted labor and privation but actually sacrifices in peace a greater amount of life than is usually expended by communities at war if then the welfare of neither white nor black in the south would be promoted i the restriction or abolition of slavi would the prosperity of the north be ai ■ vanced ? the only thing of wbich the north complains on its own acco int is the ratio of representation fixed by the constitution which gives the south a vote equal to three lifihs of the blacks but ou the other hand in consequence f the . existence of slavery in the south the north has a monopoly of foreign emigra tion this amounted as we have seen from 1829 to 1840 to a million and a half including its increase ln the previous thirty years it must have been with its in crease to this daj at hast half a million more since 1 10 it has amounted to a million b ides so ihat the north has the vote and the power of three millions of people againsi the political power which slavery now confers and that is equivalent to a white population only of about twi millions and fuiihermore by the peculiar agri cultura1 mploymenl of southern industry and capital the south is a customer and consumer of northern manufactures and commerce and of northwestern ngricul lure abolish slavery and convert the s uth into a ; ople of mechanics artizans and merchants ; and instead of being a customer she b comes a competil irofthe other section and if the march of pau perism crime and mortality of the north lie so great now what would it be then ? the condition of modern civilization is f*r more laboi ous and oppressive than the ancienf i'he seats o ancient ience d the aits were in the mild climates of the mediterranean shores or in lhe sooth of asia and europe ! in america the ruins of her unrecorded civilization are to be found in parenque and opan all in a similar climate the genius of england has carried civilization to a more northern latitude and that ol america has extended it if not higher in latitude to a still more rigorous climate than ihat of england the wants of such a cli mate are great and imperious the cost of fuel alone in the ci'y of new york ex ceeds 810.000 ood annually the cloth ing must be much warmer tbe houses more substantial the food more nourishing and all more expensive than a milder climate and this great augmentation of the burthens nf ci vilized life musl be borne in lhe north byfree men not as of old by slave hence wc have ecu the fearful struggle of nurlli rn lah r f?r subsistence notwithstanding the imai i -•• w k-1 it has derived from modern n _• itiaery and in vention bul tak from that labor ihc custom and subject it lo the competitii n i f lhe south where so much less is requin i r btdsfence and that so much cheaper and ihe resuh would he as ruinous lothepreai nl v-t mof the north as loth.it of ibe south these two greal i-ys terns have grown bp t",o il.'-r tbal of the north could not ha*.e so much expanded uilh out a market in southern agrieu':'ire — nor could ihis have grown so great but foi the de rr.and and supplies of the north tog iher