terms of the watchman ; ,.,,, i()i1 per year two dollars-payable in iv.inee nut it not paid in advance two dollar an 1 fifty cts will be charged " ' .,;,; hexts inserted at 1 for the first and 25 cts at each subsequent insertion court orders chirged f.5 per ct higher than these rates a liberal deduc ., those who advertise hy the year ■ ', rers to the editors must be post paid from the national intelligencer schenectady and saratoga plank road \ new and rather novel improvement jn constructing roads is rapidly developing the resources ofthe agricultural districts 0i our state — bringing into play the en terprise of our farmers and giving them advantages for travel little short of rail roads ; and in a manner particularly a dapted to their accommodation and at a comparatively small rate of expense plank roads can be made as a general rule for about the year's interest of a well made railroad about one hundred com panies have already been formed or are ahout heing formed to construct these mads in various parts of the state of new york the time is coming when most of • lie roads of the state and union where there is any considerable amount of tra vel and timber reasonable will be plank fl thus far every plank road made in state has fully equalled if not ex ceeded the expectation of its projectors j he fact that a pair of horses can with easef and with increased speed carry jouhir weight on a plank road that they can on the best common roads without al)v other consideration settles their val ue when the roads are bad as they usually are spring and fall four times the weight can be laken on plank roads at socb seasons that can be taken on com mon roads the farmer can go to mar ket at ail times when he cannot work his farm on account of the weather or from other causes and when other roads are impassable he can trot off with his pair ol horses and two tons weight and re urn living some 15 or 20 miles distant from market the same day ; while with a bad road taking the same weight would require several days besides great wear and tear of horses and wagons and har ness ; in fact leaving little return after deducting expenses this is no fanciful calculation ; it has been fully proved — this improvement will bring up the val ue of farms within reach of markets which have been greatly depressed by the low price of land at the west the con venience of getting the produce of the farm to market will enable the farmer of the east better to compete with the far mer 01 the west although the cost of land is so much less at thc west : the expense of distant transportation will serve to con firm he value of farms near the great markets our new states until they have more money should go to work construct ig plank roads — they will for a longtime answer the purpose of railroads except on the great and central thoroughfares michigan should be wide awake on the subject a plank road is to be immediately built between the city of schenectady and the village of saratoga springs passing through the thriving village of ballston spa if the materials can he procured in season the calculation is to have the road built and ready in time for the pleasure travel ofthe present year so that travel lers from all quarters ofour land can car ry home accounts of it the press cannot be too diligent in call ing public attention to these roads at tiie south where timber is cheap and the common roads execrable they will be ol great value indeed in every part ofour union they can be constructed to great advantage — giving employment to the la boring classes increased value to real estate and a good investment to stock holders lt is an improvement beneficial to classes some fear has been express id that the timber of the country would be exhausted by the rage for plank roads hut such will not be the case these roads will be constructed so as to lead to those districts where the timber is now ready but of little or no value to any one or the land on which it grows on account of the expense of getting it to market — these plank roads are about to open sour ces of wealth to the northern part ofthis slate of more value to the public than lhe gold mines of california lt is found that very little grading is re quired : one foot rise in from 12 to 16 can easily be overcome with a pair of horses with two tons if made perfectly level advantage would be taken and leams loaded with four or live tons would pass without any additional toil carrying a weight too heavy for such a road le gation will be required to regulate the freight of loads so as lo prevent imposi n when these roads were first thought of twas supposed they would not answer on account of the perishable nature ofthe material used ; but it is now discovered but these roads wear out before they do ty and that while wearing out the in come is so great that they will afford 10 percent to the stockholder the maxi mum rate allowed by law in the state of new york and from 10 to 20 per cent urplus to keep the road in repair and may it when necessary ll will take above 3.000 loads of plank of three inches in thickness and eight feet lo11 to lay the saratoga and schenectady r°a<1 in about every seven years the wor plank will hav to be replaced thc 0'<1 ones will be valuable to the farmer on le line for many purposes ihese roads will also give a good foot a'k at all seasons of the year free of "'■'• and save the trouble of much horse '■"■■ ssing — in neighborhood visiting — as well as giving the chil r easy access to lhc district schools the ;■;' of our state , ,'■' se roads are also to be a source of • ioi-al income to the great central s of railroads and canals already con the carolina watchman bruner & james ) ( keep a check uro all your editors sf proprietors } rulers ., ) new series do this and llbeilty is safe \ gen'l harrison j volume v number 39 salisbury n c thursday february 1 1849 strucfed plank roads diverging from each side of them extending through fer tile valleys up to our mountain regions will bring all the resources of our state into active play — employing every idle hand and every idle dollar tens of thou sands of dollars are now locked up in our agricultural districts ; one hundred here five hundred there doing nothing for the want of a favorable investment plank roads will call forth such means and set it at work for the public good and at the sa ne time give a fair return in interest the palace of the elysee bourbon the fact that the palace of the elysee national formerly the elysee bourbon which has been allotted as a residence to president bonaparte was the last palace inhabited by the emperor is a fact of no great note in itself yet such is the as sociation between the nephew and the un cle that the circumstance is regarded as an omen of a restored empire a lon don paper gives the following account of the palace : the palace of the elysee national formerly thc elysee bourbon which has just been placed at the disposal of presi dent bonaparte bore the name of the ho tel d'evreux at the commencement of the last century having been built in lhe year 1718 by lieut general the count d'ev reux governor of the royal chateau of monceaux madame de pampadour the infamous mistress of louis xv purchas ed the palace from the evreux family and regained possession of it up to the period of her death in 17(54 the hotel d'ev reux then passed into the hands of the financier beaujon who sold it in 1786 to louis xvi the revolutionary govern ment converted it into national property and it remained untenanted under the re public ; but under the empire it came in to the possession of murat the king of naples and at the period of the second restoration it was annexed to the state domains the law which in 1810 settled the civil list of the ex king louis phil lipe assigned the elysee bourbon as the residence ofthe ex queen ametie in the event of her surviving her husband the elysee bourbon is the last place inhabited by the emperor napoleon it was here that he resided after the defeat of water loo and it was there that a few days af terward he abdicated in favor of the king of rome up to the present moment the place has been one of the " lions of paris and a sort of show place to strangers it is entered from the rue faubourg st honore by a spacious quadrangular court yard after ascending a lofty flight of steps the visiter is conducted to the suite of apartments o:i the first story they in clude the bed chamber occupied by napo leon during the 100 days in the council room in which the emperor alexander transacted business during the occupation of paris by the allied armies in lhe spring of 1814 these rooms are finished with some splendor and are adorned with sev eral fine paintings the garden at the rear ofthe palace extends as far as the champs ely sees from ihe philadelphia dollar newspaper cultivation of the apple this should not be neglected the pro per way is to select good grafted fruit and plant it on a high piece of land and to insure fruit plant your tree but little deeper than it was in the nursery : because the tree will take root near the surface any how and the stem will rot below where it takes root if the roots have been cut much in taking up lhe tree cut the top in proportion i think the top should be set low to keep the wind from having too good a chance to shake the tree trim well the tops when the tree comes into bearing so that the sun and air can pass to keep the apples from be ing knotty and from rotting all water sprouts should be cut oil for all that goes into them is oil of lhe body ofthe tree z w p mercer co iii 1848 six weeks only remain of the present session of congress during which a great deal of business is yet to be done and more might be well done than will be we are happy to be able to remark how ever that a better temper and disposition for business begins to manifest itself in the popular branch and that there is rea son to hope that upon the whole the pre sent congress will leave a good charac ter behind it — nat int 23d inst cape fear and deep rivers the bill supplemental to an act of the present session incorporating a company ior the improvement ofthe cape fear and deep rivers which was reconsidered passed its last reading in the house of commons on monday night last by a large majority the bill provides that the state shall take stock in the company to the amount of 30.000 lhe company giving bond for refunding tlie state's sub scription if the work is not accomplished the individual subscription is to be * 120,000 ral star it is only as a part of this great repub lic that california can enjoy the brilliant possibilities of her future destiny if the commerce of asia is to cross the pacific and enter the caribbean or mexican seas it is the united stales which must com mand and protect the isthmian gates ; or if as may be the case that commerce should seek a still more advantageous highway by railroad across the rocky mountains it is clear that such a high way never could or would be built ex cept by the upited states it is in fact the united states which must do all po litical theorists suppose that california is to do it is the power the wealth and the energies ofthe american people only which can develop the natural resources and turn to profitable use the geographi cal advantages ofthe golden territory it is only by and through them that califor nia can revolutionize the asiatic trade ; which without them will continue to flow in its accustomed channels across the in dian ocean and round the cape of good hope all the intelligent people who go to california know this — or they will there soon learn it ; and there will be no thought or desire stronger in their hearts than that of remaining bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the republic — south carolina is the only part of the uni ted states which has enjoyed the privi leges of the american union that has ever had any desire to get out of it instead of nullification and secession we shall hear in california of nothing but the one mighty cry of the union forever the •■ union — yes the union ! what to her were all the gold ofthe new mines were the whole snowy sierra one solid ridge of the pure metal compared with the bless ings which the union secures — north j american gov graham a public meeting of the citizens of hillsborough was held on the 6th instant on gov graham's return to his residence in that place to testify their approbation of his conduct while executive of the state and their pleasure at again recei ving him amongst them as a citizen ste phen moore esq acted as chairman and dr pride jones as secretary a com mittee consisting of messrs moore jno w norwood pride jones w a nor wood ii iv nash and p b ruflin was appointed to tender to gov graham the compliment of a public dinner ; which he accepted we take this occasion to say the heart ofthe whole state will be with the citi zens of hillsborough in this manifestation ' of confidence and esteem for her favorite ! son the chair of state has never been more faithfully or ably filled than it has been by him ; and his name will live in the minds and hearts of the people as long as liberty is appreciated and talents and virtue arc admired — ral star a patriot — a bill has been before the legislature lo appropriate the cherokee bonds on terms most advantageous to the state and just to the western people to making a turnpike road from salisbury to the georgia line at the extreme south t western part of our state mr conner the locofoco senator from lincoln and catawba moved to amend it by starting the road from charlotte by beattie's ford by which route it would pass through mr conner's plantation — the senate rejected the amendment and then as the road would not go by his barn door mr conner voted against th bill ! if the bill had finally been defeated we suppose mr clingman would have laid the blame to the east and the centre — fay observer colton seed extractor the northern papers we notice are describing at con siderable length a new invention for ex tracting the seed of the cotton plant it is of the simplest construction composed mainly of two cylinders closely set togeth er a feeder and the ordinary fan the cotton containing the seeds is thrown on tbe feeder from which it is taken by the cylinder which extract the seeds whole the cotton being passed by the fan into a receiver the quantity of cotton clean ed by this machine it is said will far ex ceed that by the ordinary saw gin now in use and a third less power is required to keep it in operaiion by this mei hod the texture and lough of the fibre is complete ly preserved the value of the cotten will be greatly enhanced and the intrinsic worth is increased from a cent to a cent and a half per pound it is calculated that a thousand pounds of colton can be extracted in the same space of time that is required lo extract twenty-four pounds by the common saw-gin the machine may be worked for ten years without re quiring repair cj the cotton market of charleston was high up on the receipt of the news of the rise in england considerable speculation was going on for several days prices ranging from 5 to 7 cts on the 11th inst corn went up to 55 cts louisiana su gar u to 5h cts molasses 2c to 22 cts tv butalty and otasquic glove ifj fnr sale bv 7 h exxiss salisbury dec jtl 1848 33 mr clay we are happy to announce has arrived at new orleans the pa pers received from that city say he looks remarkably well his numerous friends in this city will rejoice to hear of his safe arrival in the crescent city and more that his health if not fully restored is becoming so most gladly will they extend the welcome hand if he will but make us a visit we hope he may do so the delta has the follow ing notice of a meeting between mr clay and gen taylor : — mobile adv the meeting of mr clay and general taylor — our readers are aware that henry clay a name ihat requires no pre face has been sojourning in natchez for some days past he arrived in this city yesterday in the steamboat princess — when the princess stopped at baton rouge the passengers among whom was mr clay were all sitting at dinner it happened that general brooke and col taylor were coming down to the city and concluding to take the princess they came aboard accompanied by gen tay lor as the general passed by the dinner tabie he recognized mr clay and bowed to him : but mr clay not appearing to recognize him a gentleman at the table remarked " mr clay that is general taylor ' is it !' ejaculated mr clay with sur prize and pleasure in his countenance ; and immediately leaving his dinner walk j ed into the social hail and with warm frankness and earnestness characterisic of him extended his hand to the general who grasped it very warmly and shook it very energetically " why general pleasantly remarked mr clay " you have grown out of my re collection !" " you can never grow out of mine was the ready response of the general ! whose countenance beamed with warm regard and whose good-natured wrinkles almost obscured his bright and benevolent eyes " i congratulate you general upon your ! election to the presidency and i hope your administration may be as successful and glorious as your military career remark ed mr clay " i thank you mr clay ; but i am not president yet — and " here mr clay perceiving that the gen | eral's modesty was ahout to get the better i of him broke in with some playful re mark wh'ch led to a general and most agreeable conversation between the two distinguished gentlemen the captain ofthe princess not wish ing to interrupt so pleasant a reunion of two old friends detained the boat for some time finally however the general and mr clay parted with expressions of mu tual esteem and a hope that they might soon meet again we are not informed whether mr clay resumed his dinner which had been thus interrupted by the appearance of general taylor — but if be did not and lost it — or if he did and found it was cold we think the circumstance might be reconciled with many similar events of much greater im portance in his previous history thc great orator and statesman arrived in our city yesterday he has grown thin ner but apparently no older than when more than a year ago he participated wiih our citizens in celebrating the brilliant vic tories of our arms in mexico we trust he may be warmly received by the peo ple in times past when he seemed the fixed choice ofa large portion of the peo ple for the presidency the name of his friends in this city was legion we trust for the credit of our people that now when his claims to popular esteem rest upon his distinguished public services his great talents and warm patriotism the number of his friends will not be reduced nor the ardor of their admiration cooled french emigration to texas — the pa ris correspondent of the commercial ad vertiser writes on this subject as follows under date of december 18th : " the communist emigration to texas under the auspices of m cabet continues though the condition of the members of lhe society who have spent the summer at the new paradise on the red river is far from encouraging the enterprise has been conducted with the greatest want of wisdom and its success is much more doubtful than when it was commenced m cabet left in the steamer on the 16th to endeavor to retrieve the blunders of his subordinates at the same time a new detachment of fifty persons has just sailed from havre to assist in the foundation of " icaria lt is to be hoped for their sake certainly as well as for that of the four hundred persons already there that tbe efforts of their chief may be successful fire — from the newbern republican ofthe 17th inst we learn that the tur pentine distillery belonging to amos wade esq of newbern took fire on last sat urday evening the distillery being con nected wilh several buildings the whole were consumed destroying some 5.000 barn-is of turpentine and every thing properly belonging to the establishment in the place the loss is estimated at nearly 15,000 no insurance the fire originated we believe by over-heating the still — wilmington journal house of commons on thc 13;h inst when the resolutions offered by thc select commitiee as a sub stitute for those of mr steele came up mr darringer moved their indefinite post ponement and addressed the house as follows : in making this motion mr speaker i conscientiously believe that 1 am discharg ing a high public duty to the people of north carolina from their first introduction into this hall to the present moment these r-so lutions have proved a fire-brand in our midst they have greatly delayed the public business and have caused nothing but bitterness and asperity of feeling — for myself i am not opposed to their pas sage i voted for them on their second leading and may vote for them again if this motion does not prevail but sir these resolutions have assumed a party character and their passage under exist ing circumstances can do no good under the sun gentlemen on both sides of this hall may disclaim party as much as they please ; may talk eternally about patriot ism and fhe rights of the south ; but sir it is manifest note if we have not before seen ii that party and nothing but party lies at tbe bottom of this whole proceed ing yes sir tbe pride of party the tri umph of party and the thirst for party vengeance slumber beneath all your pat riotism ! the rights of the south have nothing to do with it it is a waste of the public time for party purposes and the man who stands up here to convince me or this house to the contrary is himself blind to the truth " the age of virtuous politics is past — and we are deep in that ul cold pretence ; patriots are grown too shrewd to be sincere and we too wise to trust them for one sir i have had no part nor lot in this business i have ever opposed the discussion of political questions on this floor our constituents did not send us here for that purpose we and they have had enough of party strife here and else where 1 deprecate it on this floor as the blighting curse of all our hopes of ever elevating the character of our s'ate it has already proven to north carolina the source of woes unnumbered look sir at the state of things now before us measures ofthe very last im portance to tbe welfare of our people have been lying on your table for weeks whol ly unconsidered why sir ? lo make way for this miserable party struggle mr speaker i have heretofore not in terfered — 1 have neither moved nor spo ken on this subject but sir i can forbear no longer i would to god sir the scenes witnessed in this iih.ii on thursday night last could be blotted from our remem brance and wiped out from the annals of thc state ! if this discussion is continued they may be repeated to prevent their recurrence and in order that we may pro ceed wilh the public business i make this motion my sole desire is to get rid of this perplexing question i call sir for the ayes and noes — the country can then see who delays the work of legislation and who not mr barringer withdrew temporarily his motion to indefinitely postpone in or der to allow mr stanly to oiler a substi tute for the 4th resolution suffering in california — in the bos ton post received yesterday we find the followingcommunication addressed to the editor of that paper — nat int would it not be well to caution those going to california in regard to taking a lull supply of provisions with them ? i have just received a letter from my bro ther there he writes a state of dis tress and suffering prevails here such as the world probably never before saw peo ple were so eager to get gold that they only thought how to get here thousands upon thousands have rushed here bring ing no provisions with them trusting wholly for their supplies from what could be obtained here there was none rais ed here all rushed to the mines the supplv brought from abroad is mostly ex hausted and hundreds have already died and thousands more will die from starva tion and by the hand of each otiier sick ness rages as famine increases and men have become demons goaded to insanity by hunger and if you have any regard for a brother for god's sake ship me some provisions to sati francisco as soon as possible or i die of starvation such is the way my brother writes me iou think best you can publish it y prevent some others going there ied with sufficient to support them ere respecully the new york post has lhe following para graph :— " ii is reported that onr m re infliienti.il ro man catholic citizens intend lo call a public meeting for lbe purpose of inviting pope pius lhe ninth lo make this country bis residence we learn from lhe new orleans papers that judge thomas j lacy a prominenl member oflhe dar of lhal city died on the loth instant of tbe cholera judge lacy was a native o north carolina and wa educated at chapel hill the second classical school in iredell county tef most important school in iis day in this part nf ihe suite was the one called clio's nursery either be '■ cause it was placed under ihe protection of ihe first ot fhe muses or because i wn lhe road to honot and rep utation it was sit dated near lhe junciinn oflhe south vadkin nnd sntuv creek ; about len miles north of statesville the original boose in which ii wns laaghl was about a half cf a mile east of mr joseph junes in a hollow near a spring this was unfortunately burnt and an other house was buill upon the top ofthe hiil.in a piece of woods a little further west where the foundation cat tle seen at this time ii is nol wall determined in what year ibis went inio operation or when it came to a close it is generally admitted however lhal pr iiut had th chief hand in getting it up : he returned from princeton in 1771 n i wa preach in 177c judge longstreet of georgia in an oration on the death of or moses wa i lei . the president of alliens c • lege who wns educated al the c!i > school says that it began before the revoluti n and mr john adams now living al the west a sin lent there thinks that it end i about he fall o 17-7 martin in his history ot ibe state vol t page s95 says there were only two pablic schools in 1776 one nt eden ton the other at newbern but be means a mies incorporated by the legislature see davis re visal of the law of n c in 177t1 pp 159,47 the clio school was not incorporated we do not suppose thai we have given the names above in the right order of time except ihe iwo first wh ti are well ascertained pr charles caldwell who was once professor in ihe medical college in philadelphia and who removed from there lo lexington but is now nt louisville kentucky in a letter lo hugh r hall esq dated march 13 1-17 says •■ 1 succeeded mr harris about the year 1785 or 6 and continued at the head ofthe school about two years when i withdrew from it by invitation lo aid in tiie establishment of a similar institution in cen tre congregation near the residence of col osborne li was certainly suspended for a time if nol perma nently closed my memory suggesting to me the lutlrr issue from its commencement if i am nol mistaken the clio school flourished : daring the regime of mv im mediate predecessor and myself i know it did this school wns situated in an elevated and healthy region surrounded wiih beautiful scenery nnd in lhe midst of the mo«t thickly settled neighborhoods of pious and respectable families in the county : the kings sharpes adamses c the names of ninny who in whole or in part weter educated there are furnished by the memories of the nged some of these rose to eminence in the various departments of public life rev richard king who was himself prepared there for a higher institution in a letter to a friend in 1 j_2 remarks of some of the clio students as ur james blythe and others who had risen to eminence these great men must all call iredell their literary cradle where they first courted the muses and from whence they started for the goal of fame — they are determined io he of the great men of the earth and they will be so of richard king dr caldwell remarks thai " he was brilliant and imposing in both mind nnd person : * * * " and became one of lhe nbte-l and most evangelical of preachers in eloquence especially he was rarely surpassed other names found on lhe list of students are judge edward ifairis of this .' ale ; judge smiih of alabama ; judge lowrie dr mosi i waddell of georgia and late president of athens col lege : john adams john reid lbe father of ruins reid ; abner sharpe rev james ii bowman i hall thomas hall john allison felix walker mem ber of congress from the western district ofthissiate dr joseph guy bain alexander and pr joseph all \ ander of mecklenburg dr ciiaries harris george w campbell of tennessee the secretary of tbe treasury of the v s in 181 1 and afterwards minister to i . and doubtless many others indeed ibis school in its day was ot more importance than is commonly supposed it filled almost the place ofa college dr caldwell in the letter above referred to stales that " ihe exercise ol lhe pupils in clio consisted chiefly m ihe study of creek latin and english relle letters geography algebra practical surveying and ibe principles of navigation except in n few instances neither experimental phi losophy nor astronomy was made a study it c mposition and public speaking ; once every year was held whal was called a " public exhibition when speeches were delivered dialogues spoken and plays acted on a stage erected for ibe purpose sub dio in the open air and the whole community joined tbe audi ence as we b-arn from old people who attended them these exhibitions were great occasions the tni ea met at ihe house of john sharpe or wm sharpe iu the vicinity and marched with lbe faculty and stu lents accompanied with music io lhe academy ; maki ; . ! much display as we find at a modern college ' mencement dr waddell was heard to say long after be left this pan of ihe country that the languages were laughl at tbis school better lhan at any other place in lhc state ut that time what brought ihis school to a close is not known the burning of ihe house however caused some ex citement in the counly at the lime ; and probably ope rated to bring it to an end the person who was the cause of ihis was never discovered though some of tl.e students were arrested on suspicion one by the name ol beatie and another named walker lhe brother of felix walker the latter was pal in irons nml confin ed ; but wm simonton wm mckee and wm duf fle gave bail for him and took him to salisbury 10 court but nothing was found againsi him and hi father and took bim away he boarded at one ol ihe u bouses and firsl gave the alarm of fire with the burning of the house the school went down and probably as ur c slates aboul 17-7 just before this in 17-.7 dr mccorcle began bis school at " zion parmassus in rowan and jusi after thai dr hall t np bis scientific school al bis own boose near beth any church where mr james crawford now lives examiner tbe new york herald stales lliat mr welj sler lias lieen for some iine p;»*t engaged in writing a history of tbe administration of ien washington lhal will extend to lliree volumes mr webster's debut as a literary man will bo looked forward to wilh a ereat deal of interest and his work will no do«jljt find its way into tlio hands of every reading man in tlie country cure for a cold lhc following is a core for a severe cold on the longs as quoted in lhe water-cure journal : — " rob ihe cbesl and tbroal wiili r ild water holdin al the same lime some w.tier in lhe mouth in rold climates tbe wet bandage i i lbe ibroal woold lie of service occasionally _ in warm climates lhe washing and robbing alone aie better m kdek v indi v com.ml i ' efore our next superior c and th j'kru er^rticulai line