the wilmington gazette publishc 1 tuesday by ali.makd hall at three dollarr a year payable in advance or four dollars if not paid within a year fl mj£k 5ii wilmington n c tleshay october 21 180g 10th . j tuir-creatihf and cxpenfive inftrumenta'i tyof a'ir^c navy to protect our com merce and fince trade is highly delirable and indifpenfabty ncceflaty to the planters and farmers it is proper to dcvife a lyi tem ot protection for it ; and this is atiob je<3 dtmandin the temperate invciiigation im careful rrilefiiun ot every dcfcriptiun of our ciuzen carry occafionn citl<n gloves hof fhir ting fheeting towelling tabling and iur niture fluffs to be ufed wbuh art uu.'e chit f 1 y from the cottun pndu ed n:i our farms and ia the coinage of which 10 europ wt largely participate and here we obtain a view ot « vry imptrtant principle which may afift :,» m anf wering the third quetlion '• by what means other than g navy can itv pi trntte mrtil pttteil ur ctmmerce f ' rtmerubcritig always that fuch c«(ntsetcfl mub be ira from ii)juriou effcdlj u.01 a»ricuhurt 2c not unreafunabiy liuntanfvme wn hi , 4 _ tn»n io be cmitltd to promotion anci pro teh.dti by out tedcia leg l<:n:e r fly well devif tqa of congfcff , it is firmly bdicvtd ihui we cjn c:;i much f r the promotion and protection of our trade it is conceived tlitt hc principles of mr nicliokon'i bill r i s h 1 i y underwood art ar example 01 that nature j e-i m fo interrupii ant coercd our feamen and emharrjiltsi obftrudts and blockades our trade ifxt c ne compelled o inrre*r 1 ic encouragements to our manufdtfli tt fit crruin artic!f.s ; ant i:i order to do tliia witfi prutlence and icctire revenue i'rtwn confuinpiion at t!ie fsiiic titi.e ve taka the f.;a:e fciij;l (,( yooif from ciicr fo rci^ii nation with llt'le ot no n.jvy t ' p mmod«u or not fo much in tin prac :>) io cat as they cm fuj t y them it rr.iv h obferved too that fome among us lie»rti:t approved thjr isw becaufe it d induce q britain to ir.a-iitjdure ftibfhtuwj ftoni our raw cotton for the li ncn woo!en f:!ke:i and iffaibern goodi prohibited j and becaufewe qi il ! r»"t»<ko iargrly in ctrrying that r.iw cotton toen jir,cl — two cor.fidmtloiil of great and u'jvioiii importance from the national intellljencer thoughts on the tuhject of nwal . p,u ytjill ttftiin wujtf ii si a i !■: s and on certain means of encouraging anu lira tooting their commerce and manufacturer no i the leading ideas in the following papers are produced by a sincere and thorough convic lion that no branch of commerce or even trade in genera should b so pursued permuted encouraged or defended by the united states aa lo b*xa»d the public li berty at iwtne the principles of v ectiom abroad r taxes on the whole nation near ly as g'eut as rqpx 1 ur superior to t i<e exclusive profit ul the maromtiie body — v have rejected the example of kurope s to sfknd'uis kt rates political churches the penal code and other dangerous errors ani aberrati >::• from right ; nut the splen dors and lemptatioos of p»»al power h1 external commerce as established and ex tended in europe bavs their full share < f influence over many persons of great worth nd judgment in ths united states tie following queflions may help to lead ut to the true ground : i should the united states have any nafy and hovr ft rung ur niuisiom lhuuld ii be i 1 what fboum be ihe commercial purfuitl ot ihv united sa<es r 3 hv wlut means ether than a navy c»r the united states promote and proitct their commerce ? to ihe fiilt jsflion requiring much ca'n invcrigatioti it is conceived hat ihe tuilowrin ideas map icrve at an impeifc^t anf*er it is noi bv force that w can pro'n our trade from the reat unvies of the priui.ry maritimt powers for it is cone ireil that v.e canntt t preftnt and ougl.i noi o nftablilb a naval t>-»>.e equal io iheii'i on account of ihe monfttout ixpenfe ti'.e danger to our civil inftilu f i)n3 iii tor the other reafons l»cl ie m ggncd againll tlie eltahlifhment ot a great n»v.l puwer ifi ilic ui-iicd states uut we may piotecl our trade l>y force f>om the stetty and irrteular flat whofc corn mrfie with ui affords no means of adiihg tipjii them ; fuch tor example at tlc if-v iij.es of barbary a fleet con menfurjte wii : i inch nhjrifls at no in >(*, ap>e»is io be ihwt limited mrct which v«e may vita lilh without any f ihe ob ir£>ioni.|o a great navy which have been r k irc.il ltwi:tr«t go further in this daiiflcruui and coltly oper4iiuo it if r p»6lfully recommended that the cuhjea l)r hrii i orouguly examined and well ton qjeredt compote o<ir wary or thut of any o'.her na tion ; but are merely intended to prove that although a n*vy has not been tliought u cn iu r;er public or general liberty in the present form and manner of an army it it to justly exceptionable on that score as to recjuire a constitutional prudence in relation to it s a landing armament in the hands ot the go v.':iiment every standing publia force re quires caution whether it be onthu water or on the und hut it m»y be observed that commerce exists that it is absolutely necessary and that it is profitable thi carriage of our produce by s!ii[)s in'.o the con3«rati nu.rk.en i as useful to the growers of that produce s the carriage by waggons the rights and inter ests o commerce s well a the interest ot a griciihuve therefore require that our ships be ke t a free s posi.be irom impedimenta tj their voyages their cargocufrom spolia tion and their crews whether niuives or • liens from foreign impressment i-'orjthis purpose borne persons invc rli»ircd thut the l tnicd states should lc immediutely made and permanently maintained a considctable naval power we have suggested for due consideration some riifficultiti and mrae up pareni impediments it will be determined how ' r they arc inherent in the nature a of thing r the united states bow f.tr ihty are real and jv fur they cam be a-q uesceu in or obviated if il be supposed for ;< moment that these objections ire not i •'. and that hey may be obviated then lei i's < n»ider the vast ex p nee of n n val e»ta lishmi nt great-britain upends mindly from seven ty to ei.rhty-llic millions nf dollars on her na vy one-tenth of her navy would cost us ten or twelve millions of dollar v!.r li is irom i i to 13 percent on all our export » foreign and american in the greatest yeai it is the whole net profit of our trade ind it i pre sumed more yet such o limited a»y could not af course resists fifth of the h-et»«>f england nor could it rt .• the navy hi ■>! i>y several other powers till lii british itvutjian lately devoured all the oi in r rtaviev of t!.e old world the navy of g britain i indeed a brilliant instrument of aiupendout power ; but it has proved o her finances a splendid instrument of ruin it costs her from sevtul ty to 85 mftlions of c'nllars per vinnuin in di reoc expenditures undaf regular appropria tions beside a prrm indirect amount in bounties on suil c h o fisheries and nu merous other things in heir complicated sys tem of commerce and finance 1 is » man ding army as oppr sivc to foreign nations as the standing armies of the stuarts and t lie ciomwells were totlie british nation it hus become hostile to the liberty of il at sea und so far as it spares the lintish people them selves it is because.it in employed upon i etu it involves great llritain in great odi um and in incessant bloody nnd ex|>rr>sive quarrtls and wars of pride power bnd ava rice it facilitates hrr i.nmensr partirip.i'rm in the commerce and slavery of the b!jrk an 1 in the cruel and extensive tjranny exer cised ovr.r india a review of the nature atvl practice of io european government will fully convince us that their public authority is the principal ; mean to procure seamen for iheir navies — tht most energetic navy that ot england is manned by " impressment ti.is opera tion i considered in the united state lo be conducted on the principles of mere nrbitrarjr government the happiness of tiie seaman families tlieir comforts and their necessities do not seem to be objects of any consider tion the mariner's personal rights ami even his written and signed engagements to serve private persons british or foreign un der shipping papers or pr;r;ugtf bills are vio lated without any allowance of damages ei ther to iho isuman or the merchant without punishment lc without censure & indeed of ten without jiiitifi-ation or applause in man ning her nary g britain is manifestly and completely despotic over her own merchants sea captains and mariners and acts at pre sent in like manner even with respect to fo reign merchants captains and seamen she undertakes to dictate to her nautical subjects alone that they shall neglect or violate all thei engagement and serve brr and upon terms lso dictated by her for impressed british seamen wages are fixed by that go vernment to consult together merely for procuring higher waijts would be treated as m mutiny if her seamen w<:re to be at li berty to ask and obtain their orrn rates of wa ges and were tube paid those wages ilieir navy could not be continued on its present cale will the teamen of the united states submit to a sin regimen in thiscsse like that of great-britain will the rest of the people of this country consent to such on ex ampla of corecion and limitation of wa«;es i will our legislatures and courts permit or sanction such 1 regimen to one ch*s of cit izens ? wih our courts of impeachment &. courts martial allow the orders and conduct of civil and military ofiksrs in conformity with s'irli a regimen to pass unnoticed nnd unpunnio'i ) do not these consideration deeply affect the practicability of a great i.r fal power on the principles of the constitu tion of the united states ? it may be iair y and prudently sked whether a standing nav.l establishment is not liable to r largo proportion of the objections to a standing »•■ ray and whether it it not entitled to tkat name and character in i very considerable de gree :' tiie use winch was made oftl-.c li i tish navy in the war of 1775 a»ninsti|ie american colonies even while it was confes sedly a civil war will prove thnl a navol force can be openly and actively used to destroy the public liberty of a nation at home ; and the use which was made ef the british navy in the peaceable year 1792 and in the war of 1793 gainst france will prove that it can be used to destroy the principles of public lihc-rty a broad.f the dreadful condition of ireland upon various occasions and for many years is in a considerable degree to be ascribed to t!ie state of eontroul in which it has bu 11 heijbv means of the uriiish navy in which tens of thousands of irish seamen were eiiiii ted or impressed had that country b'.-en joined to this continent in i7t6 or to that of europe in 1792 ireland would have had complete uritish constitutional liberty or a separation it is in evidence thst a j;re;tt navy may destroy liberty at home a\v abraadi by force while the patronage of the appoint inents antl supplies and the willine depm dencv ofi whole appropriate judiciurv pow er with the fruits of its rapacious and law less spoliation carry servility and corruption into very ciua of the nation similar re flection arise concemi-m thr use of the na vy in the slave trade islandsand colonies — these observatr are not made from any unfavourable opinions of the individuals who • if a person of a religioui soeittjf princi p!?rl against war or one bt-lieving the war of the time unjust be impressed the lights of conscience are violated t it is no o!isequence to tliis argument that frince af'erwarjs departed from the jrincipksof ubeity atio.h'.r fo i pfovifioni might be made b l«w r m eticotirapemen oto'uf iiiip pin ar.1 commerce we mean li ir*x pjlcitly mfiiggtft that we ni.'v jiow adopt many of tlie regulations oi tde brit ; fu ::.♦ vigation aft ficce we ha«o pro itfed fa great » cj\!»n;it t totinat ai i are v ell aliie i maintain ami increafe oui vrftels before we had fo trtuch tcin .*>•» ui plan ters nd tariren pru utitly feared evetf rf^uiati'.ni which might tenil rn uiminifli the nuu.bcr ft t«;i«u whu-h cot id ls o pcrtcd to carry off c:ir produce and i»n port fupplies thifip arc\uw luatemu v changed asirf we h»ve ft.i » enoonh fo chrryr,il ive ra'.ff iv much i oie i i n'.e vi.ich might yet conic hither with cargots from then own po;ty u iri-iliaii w ii ■ i in nurtieroni and ul ful in li.e exportation oi oiir crops we r.r i ailop nbp«f:irc3 in r<'p!nce t!,e mount ot tht critilh lo»ir j-tr tenr »::.. pott or coiito duty impufed on t iie t - portstion of their ov»n mpnufpflurf r fif united sutei it it beii<-vc t u:«t the r.)eicl\a:it trai'.ir.g to oilier jortigu ctxjntiie 1(0 not p*y at ektiacrdinaty i,ty in ei gtwnrf whtek il the more unfa tiifacinry becaufe f rrr tkeprinc : pal con fumen and renderl ot uieir rjiamsfjiihucs ami becaufe we tanno irrpofe a imilar flfitv on export from hence for tlicir ac count the cooftitinion of the u states forbidding all duties en exportation — . we rrver afkedthe prcichion ior v/hiclj th tht britifa iciirr per cuit dory is chained nor do wa defire or receive that proteitiori we are wiping rntirely t re'r on our wn re'iiral flag am vtftclt uik!«r tlie law of ntfior.i to replace the atrount ot that dr.ty in the treahirv of the untied sts'cn we may cither intpofe an • cj'iai fttit of jour crnt on all import trr?m g britain by or on account or eri l!ql fubjtiaj or wentay abolifh the draw lack on all gotutf fo imported in cafes wherein vre ire not arfmitle 1 , with a real reciprocity into foreign porn foa to exclude our fhipi from the freight of articlei which are imported in foreign fliipfl to the injury of our agriculture and maiuifaclurei a well asototir commerce and navigation it will be wife deliberate to revile the lifts of imported articles •» for example we might advance the duty on fpiriti from the cane or entirely ex clude the entry from a placet into which our ihipt are not regularly admit tnl we can pr*rure liquori fram our diflilleriesof doroeltic and foreign materi alt and from rum brandy and wine comditictj hi '• which our fftips are admit ted !• carry our produce and from whirh they can bring away ihole foreign com modities 1 lit fecond qntflion propnfed ii v bat linuld he the commercial purfuiis of the lfnittd statel f to this it may lt gencral i replied that no trade whatever inter , i fxicrial which injure agriculture tr lcn'fiu (''/ merchants itiy at s great txpfhjtto tbt reft tf tht community fhould jv pm fjed ]( is i ur int<-fffl o icr.port implements n<l materials fni manufactures and mm ufa£tutei themfrlvesi whi^h will employ many veffesl rather than o import tna ruit'.t.'lutcd goods which will rmj'loy very tev i is our intceit in p'omots and c.iwb'ifli internal trade of wliitli niaitiitaihinrt aic a 11 ,..(» valtulilt pi<rt t ru;lier tun rxter r.-i trade ; nccaufe the raw uia'criais jiul f*>ni!y fu '■■!'■«# of the n'«-ri.:*!i ir.a<.iif - i'tfm rtlbcro/en a«.r coaittn ne r-.wn frorrvourlcivi-i oi from cur on > i ; • r 4 f p hic!i i.ii i v«ry liitis nromoied by ilie mhj rtanon of cotnpa£l foreign r iiuuc iu do the united states want such » npvy ; nurli mi instrument of oppre»»ion ; u h un instrument of defence ; sue h r.".i instrument ot ollrnce ; such » ruin i'n vow wta)th ; a mill sione living around the public neck to 1 r 1 1 destruction to all we may hu*e in insult and at the same li'p.r to bend i!;e public tier and link ihe public body in thr aby»s of mili tary expence ? l'.io british plea of defence for the tntr.l cxpences of a na»y doe not ex ist in the cas ot'il.f united state tb»y are not an r land of 70,000 ptquara mile ; nor arc tlicy iic-»v to any foreign enemy ; nor hi.vc they concentration f movi i>'p property t icru t>i and uind ii vadcra ; noi ki yi of their country in the shape offortre«ses or mhro puliti.n ciiith by which inroder may held an 1 command their dnminioi s ; injr havt tliey transmarine ol niet ■. i i ; i y cm nie.ee which the !■.'.• g vvi r j ca •> lo wi h out the interest ol • uropt »< i prtrent the annihiliation ol ac untry iraje which presents them with abundance r ' d and in creasing raw material f«r iheii eotoriien ar mies navies and manittacturef and which afford 9 a steady vent ai i an immense con aumption for their manufactured tommodi ties every s of unlawful i'.r^r.ji'nenr in j'.iii'cr mbamfttnerit cr i'juiy to our urtipi tij;.v mkj navigation rni tu our i v , ought u be * "''->:.;: ai.j arimaiitig incentive t promcce domeftic trtdrand ii ni|..ftui becaufe they ar lifs fub j«q to'thofa foreign injuries and brcaufe i hr culiivttmcn of internal traiic and ma i'ru^'iiits iilenlty oicratei n a fine or />/ nniiy upon jl'.e iore : j:n infaderi of oi r nrurittmc righii nd tiie forsijan yii;!aiors ot f.'ur commenia interen we fhon!j render it perlcdtly ditoifeft and febfolutely certain to luirope that f far ai tkt ame rican ctmmtrciml jplrit it checked or inju red atjta ii will be mirtactngly urned to and promoted «» //'# ibtrt our citit towu*i and villagti mull he fcencs o>'com merce or of inai nta^turrs f foreign na t iocs interrupt us in a legit'tnatt tourfe ii juir/hutt ot the bufir.ef«of fupplyingour felv«s fium the heaped ami nofl conve nient leurces abroad wr hall indepen dently ami of necellity fnpply ourfe!»c from exifiing or new ourcciat home we reafoiiiibly defire to frcure to our felvts a fliarc of tht carriage of our own nr.wroujlit goods to tlie foreign manufac tures and of their aiauufa^turcs to our miirkatt , and it itour wi!h to piumote the foreign canfumptien of our produfli so far as we prevent the am«rictr con funiption ef foreign manufactures hit made/rem tur own product w promote our carriage mi cur own raw materials our carriage of foreign manufaauret and the fabrication of our raw malarial by fo reign manufaclures thus for example the recent aft of congref on mr nichol fon's r unions by prohibiting certatit article or wool linen filk and leather which are made abroad entirely from fo ici^n materials that we neither grow ror \ it is dift;c'.]k tr pi kvrc ro»rrct s'ute menu of the british naval expencea down to ihe present time ; l»nt s rf cm retire to the british new annual register for the years 1801 1802 and 1803 will ir.ew that the lumiof 15,000 r 0rl s'eriiirr.equ il to 70 20 000 dollar and 19,019,3371 sterling equal to 84 5j ooo doliarsi were tppropritted for the navy department in wo of those yt-ars it i in stale tha 330,000,000 ofp.ouiif in navy bills were usued l>v ihe c.nvcrnment in one of thoieyeart but that 3|000,000re mained locked up in the hank uitpresu mn from these fac and the wonderful tx ertioiis of i rf i 5 and si that the direct and indirect naval expences of ireat-rritain are much greater than lus been supposed no ii rut if tli rno(l irtereftipg andimpcr tani confidcratior.s foibid the dangerous it feem expedient for m to encourage the importation of fugtri coffee cocoa pimento gin^rr pepper and other fpices at ci groceries from countriei hetond the cape of good hr>pe rather than toiton piece goodi which intoifcit with tor