0(f s if a@safevv it , . o •" *\ iv i>aty vv •?' • a '- v 1 v / a k . . sat s im^mmbr'iin ***^ publish e t5 \". 1 r k . \ r y t a . l l ma f • i 1 i »<>'■' i ■ 1 vv annum [ hjj k s i a v m a y 7 ,: . : \ (^'. v no 2 2 convention of the north rn powers convention for ;!■•• re f ha iifln.i'nf of an ir ; ! •■ i'.rnliiy b tween it is '>! j -■;•• th ■ km • n s i n el the one part •! dis | i-a jc(!y th emperor ol all the i i . mi the o'het part t ncludcd and fig ed .:. st pet •,:':■ ,!■-. the x h 16th de m er i l ! io i arcep 1 ' and rat i bed by his ■>■•.,>] hi v i jel • in the jo h of d tnbi r i il by his imperial mijellv ol all <>■ ri iii is on i -■ •, i » .- . 01 ) ) • .) in i ■ fame yeai i ■ tit f ■/ '■' - ■' n h ar.d .. . h d ed • • ■ nil y in '• ' ' i 1 ih frci lorn of ill f.avirrj ion :: ■ ' ■ . jrily t iu morch i'idiz of n ly be ell islifl - i 11 tn • ; ■ ■ • ■' " ' ws ol o i ions bs r af '. . ' ; ; ihe co in i<ti ■: • .•' i • ■'„■:. hi v , .!•■ l e k i sw:il n a i ' " m i l llie ''■ '' ' ■ ; all i !■.•■':. i , attuned bv ih .. jo c of jut i . c •• and bv ;' rofiipiocsl u fire '«> prom •«\ f cr i ly be for ihc p blic ■'■ in tag of the rrfj riive lu:cs hav to thai etl h l~.-r : m i to ji'vs n new fi nrtioii to meir pni - 1 iicuirali'y ( hich are in their :,.( ■ ■? lii'i i ■ il and 10 i\'.;..t l 1 :!.■■ v.v ' '. ,-;■ .-. i i pow ;■ •. i n er del in tin ir r ■ ■■ inn vvnh tins vi:;-v their .'• i jel : i i ■•!•■!■!: el ii n of he 15 1 or /•• in :■,-.■ mort rn c ■ r , w hi ire e q ■ . r ■ ■ • a 1 '■'•' maiiiii 1 i : ol i fe f ■ , • ■ £ ■ i ■ ■ ' i . c ■ iv r . ■£■ /..',!,;■. cn i 1 1 1 ii ii h w '"■'•• ; i u the o v ij 1 hcii h:ai:s to r lore in in full w cji i tl'c ff"iiersl nght ol all naiiorn io cc ' \ i!u*i fh'jjj a il n 1 rhvih ■ fre ly ai i « iiom i ; fubj j t tn he cant oi'l it th po cia a v 1 . hi iw • nlii vlij liy imj ; cd his wiflics n,i i".rs s 10 his gr>-j ' din anh an hapny fonformi y ul i:ir:r iau ■ iu iriti t i i s has 1 not <\ ihem 10 adoj 1 ti e reloliiiion o rc-ellabli(hiug ha fyflem oi ar , t\;;c : ne itrali'.y w nch was attended with fucli :.! . . ■-. dui'idit i|,e a eritan w a 1 , •) rei ■ its benrfi ial princtjile in 4 conv n ion a •■ i to the ;•■•>. it cn cu nil 1 ic t to 1 his end ■ mi 1 ; ■■!■■.•■ the ki r g of swca°rii sic his imi . il in 1 lly of nil the kului^j ha *■ no mn i i ns ii ir plenipotentiaries ncrn i ■. his s\v lifti mijclly baron c :'• von s d ing lull ■!■'< * ■•'■■ ex raordinary t his •" pc .. m-ijeilv of all 10 rultius lieutenant gci '. hamr-cr ain of ihe queen dow^gei colunel of .'• rrgntiinl of infunrry k v a : ci n if ' -•' ihe order of the f.v ... ar.i k ln "! ihe french urder pour ks riu s . . '. . 11 '.. 1 ■ . «''■) his hm ■■( i 1 1 • ' :!,- hi ih : , biron ' juni thecuiore ■ n , . .. * ul . ,. \ t h:s 1 gut ti nlty or vy t unieiior tl .^-, l 1 ' oounril pf '• 1 v '. , rnm i fl 1 . '! ih ■ ■•■ ■ '■ <:• iti ■• i i hi ., dir*::-m •'■':•. ril oi ' ■ ■ of die piii.ji ;•, 1 rand cham lor and ;.■■' frofs oi he fovciei^n 1 ; i>f st j011h of jei nfjl in knij r .! t ji lad • ■ ..■ ■ ■' ■ i of si andrei 1 ', st a ■* • x fkv an i :■ , ann km ■■ . :', ■ : • ■ '■ st i 1 1 r . di si . f ul ndiul a 11 i ■' . i .•■ r 1 : who if'ci x h injji their r ! pet ': full powers have agreed u|jon ihe fu it ving i.t le : ai :■ le i i ; : raajefly the king ol swe den and hit nra'j ry the emperor ot a in h.nllidj dfrlare ttiiti they will llnchy p rilnbn the exfii>riaii»n oi contraband merchandize on the pan of heir fi;kj : .-. iih ■.■ •_ power whatever whether at prefentcng ■ ■ vw ur which iiuv hercafier be cng g l it art 11 i <>. ler i prevent ail i il i and mifunder handings a 10 wt'.a i , • conlidercd 1 • i.-.i 1 11 i h -, rn j j lly the ' 1 • rt sweden and his imperial majedy f all ihe rullia declare thai ihr y will acki w ledge ihe following articles as con'rahanr r.imely cannoni mortar fitearnr ! flu », flint lionet ma che gun.powdrr f.i j if lulfhur helmeii pilrs lwords ! : ■• «•■•■, cartridgr boxes fdddlts ai d bridles with tlio exception of lm.ii a quantity i ihe ibove articles at may be necefiary i\>r the defei ■ of ilie li 1 ps i.,d i\\k\t crew ail other articles not li>*f 11 ciiuu.j nl hall not be confider td ii war or naval llores : hey fhill not be fubjotl to copfifcation lui ball paf free and wiihout 1 hi aim ii i aifn hereby a^'or ih<ti h r i nt article iliall be wiinotit pre judice •«'(>.(• particular flipulations of formei anei with the powers at war by virtue ■( v'.cii the things abuvememiuned du 1 1 . -. . < i prulnb ird i lil anr whrrcai ii ii rrfolved i i •• whiu v r by virtue of hi ' ' 1 . i .'■ bi df hi 1 ci'i rahanoj ' ■ • i bi 1 * iwvicj : . :, ui n>rn iki • <: '. utra pi ! ti ns • in lik •• inner n majefly tile king ftf ■■■' : •". : " ' mp'rial m ij y of all ti - '' !; '•'■.■ "•<■'' unit thai all oth r m rchs /. i be and remain free ; ind : : • ' ' ' ■ en-ra prii i-j < ol th u*t of nadir | 1 : , i ■!;■■' - f •!:■:■: '•'■■- t ai well n i ■ rigii'u ol neu tral us ■'.!■: i : ' i : • ; :■ ; . . r • ice may be i • • . ■■• ■ -■.. , ; > r -; < l)r ._. ';■' i '.'■-, ■ ■■< i l i ho lull ;- r to 11 ' o!in ,- . . ii rion from ivlii !, illl ■ ■ ■:■ i v • ■ ■■ 1 '* ' ■ ".* rat and i cm pm arv i'nci i»h '■ -■.:•. '..-., nef y detcrmii '., i • it y fit i p ii fi rely navig ue '■■ n •"'•• ■ ■»'< r to anorhcr and on the coaih i : i hi brll rei nl n ili ins 1 th il the ell tls which belong tn he i ,' ii of the b:lligr?rent powers in neutral • : • . wi h ihe exception if contraband jc's , . i i r o » 3 i mi in order to determine what j ■!' h ■ onfidet d is i b!i i '■ tried h rb ) , i i de nation ( >> ill b a '..■• > i : , apply r.niy '■ l ' ■■'• th difjioliti in and ;:.-• . • r ■ •': • liips ■ ' : jji cr by which 1 is inv r ■■ i ftull l i j u 1 a to re.irl.t ir apnarrtiiily hazardous n f i'tcr na hit every ( ir fhi g 1 into (■ nckati 1 l\-;r r that is ■ - .. hi '.-. ;•' ■,"'•■ ite i ''.■• prel • tit « . > , • . , . ' hs ( v ■■ j ■ v iy advifm i i e of 1 ■ '' . . i ! > i ad ncv rt'icli ■ . ■ ed l»y :.. 1 ■ ot anific : to i;b;ain adn i 1 hat r '; 1 j ■- 11 i ■ > • • \\ li t er re • hdfe which foi jiifl : alotis and ■■ ., t ds it rc.i ■>)■. hall 1.2 detai >.-.., i ■ t t h.iii !)(■ pronouiiced without :■! lay ; the oro i ■ -.!■:'« ngaintl them dial i be iinitoririj prompt a j ia.'i over and above th kijenimty ' 10 which they half be entiilcd f r the ja magi •!■•• lii'll have fufuaied comol • l.n ration in be for th ■■.'• . ton mitted •. pinll ihe j i of iheir majpllips ;•. that he declaration of ihs jlfic;i vho ha 1 command iho th i p of war or ihiu'of i , ol ihe king or eoiperrr which htll i convoying one or more mei ham fhip ihat the convoy hss no co iraband joodt on hoard ill ill he fufftc :•" ; an that :.. ' arch ol ins ihip it other u ;' of ihr convoy hall be permitti '. and :';■■; ' ■ r icr 10 ei>fu >. rel : i to ill ife pri ci ■« . md he ii ipu ion f und td on them j which thei dilini'-telled willies lo prciurve t!i i ipiv.fciipt.!)li rights if u »' nation have ing i . ' , ■ ' << ■■ 1 contra '*- ii 1 parties 10 1 .." : i r finccrity and i if .:. will . ruled oidcrs to their cap tain i wi 1 1 • 0 ■ i . ihip of war as of ihcir rnercl'atii-rncn to load no part i iirr hips ■ v to h.we on bo;ird any aniii.s ■ c ■ by virius of 1 ... j rr pent convention may c confijried at ontral md ; a-:.l for ' ■■ s ■ f ' ■ ■••: e e 1 ;:. . • ; in:o 1 \ cm ion ' ' ' ninai ', i'-.i-y will 1 el ectively take care - d n '!- o th ■'.- : is r admiralty ' ' : iblifh it wkenev er they ihall think it ccliary and to thu < i iho r tjulaiiont • lich it «.■ c i'i t .- pkihibiiion uthtr the veral pen ilties hall 1 pin :< i a the end 1 ihe pieleni ad that no 1.110 may j.i.:jd g iv in o r o r i place if r.-"t(\)(>rcs ; ' ■ "■ i "•' i n thi <:, ii legal and per - '""''*' lafi , his mujfllv the k.ig i s vr • ' id his m ■ it v 9 the r:r t r»n ot ill ihe , ..: c deemed it expedient 10 equip ' ihips n ivai ain f i^aic w!i i < ii '■■.,' 1 i i'ec hat the objcfcl be u-h '■ j r ' ' j ladrom of each power i12ii '■ - le ilatiui ., aid proter thofe convoy «, ■ con nicr • and iheii na . ig n ion ■ , md \. ii 1 ha i be confoimab c 1 - i.i t 1 ■..( h t,.ii ion ' v • i ' pi vidr againll ail incon ivhidi may pr«c r<l jj<hh any na n . ■ - • ■ •• i . • i>t their ii ip it i t f ■ ii i l a 1 ,• 1 mi noi to be departed from that cvrry irantpor be ii whofeitmay ungitij to he country whole lag it bear i til have on b 1 ii a caj tail , and th half oi ihe ctew 1 mpo!ed nl ilu ubje£ti of ihai ; country ; — .>. 1 th , a tj on dial i be drawn j i in due n.d regular form every tranfpon i which fi ill ; it i bl ve thi fe rc tlations cr hall violai ■ "■■ .■'■■■ 11 i printed at the 1 nd j oi ih s prc nt 01 v ntion hall forfeit all i ■ : i p in icliuri of the cotu ratling p,.v ers & ■.' tii'm;r i wbich it may be ion ii.n lone : • rcfpoi lible f^r all the h.w damage i or tnconvrrik ■ 1 ma luflain j art vi • ; 1 . : ppen i thai ihe meriha 1 hipi ot one of 1 ...'!;..• ... 1 here the 1 1 1 cf vir . ' jt i n are 1 hani cd -''••• ! ■ • 1 have mi piot ctiou of ihcir i>wi i , ■ 1 : , . • . mand mi rf he f!ii;i i •.<. ,, 1 ' : ; 1 ■ , , fr if 11 fli a || bs rea , ftul du ai.d pn ■■- fully affoid fuch afliu . ce as may i ■ - ■. . . — 1 he fhi , of war \ i .. , ■• , ,, - ■ ' • ■■'■: nl protecri m ai i .:; , .• 1 il ■ 1 ■ ■ ham vcffi : of the ivhc • ■ . ■ \ •; the n in 1 m . . .; ihc vc ifi-l 11 :■.. ii a f ■ ■ dial > •! ha r ■. '< ,;.. ,.,... .., , if ho nei ti ,.': i \ , i i . . .. - v i 1 i ', iliic • t om rcc art vii ti irrmion ( i ha no reirofpctl . : o 3 0 , nd coniia ... i ■ l have no ref res to any d l ' '■ v ■',•■■' i io ii . n . , its at jilication lluil •> ' . be ■ fur tin ,. . uf vio i l nd ajyqri ; ': . md it hall foon form ihe b.ili . of j i 1 or the protection ol • ! ll ih n ■ ■' union of e irope whole ' s'"8 av ' ai ar l denied or violated i at viii s i>u!d i , notwiiii{landing all the poluble care ol the two pom-ers and notwi hlliin lii g ihi ohfei rancr it tli • mo.'t ;' -<^' noutrahiy on ihon ti-ies i . !■„!,,.. n ihal the merchant fhins of his m jcfly the i king ■•: swcd n or nf his .,.•; rial maj 111 of a the ruiiiat honlcl lo mfuii..-d plundered \ or luken by ihe h r '■ .' war or privateers of 0 • oi other of ill - bi ligercnt p iweis the i unifl r ( ( the inj ired pa y h d i f t , , , ., yl < :'■'■'■' ' " ; ! "" ' 10 tiio i^vivernmem v ■.;, i ' ; ■'■ t>r ■!'•' : ■' -■<" fivill iiivp commiiied i 1(1 y vl i "- ; i ■ - ftill reclai 1 the rap i ■ :! v i rf and due fsiiifaflion and by '"''-' '^ ! '_[' x of the infult orl red to the hag -- j e minifter of hs oth • t a a i-.g power .!. 1 ! alfo • r force the complaint in th mofl en«r){f'ic and determined manner pohible ami they hall generally at '. uni ijnniy act in concert logeiliet -■' ■ .' ! their ' ■ ill complaint rrteei with no redrefs or qi mid ' ii be poitponcd from limi ro time then fhall ! . i imjcdies have n . oui . • 10 repr il ; gainft : ich pov^cr a fh ill have ref.iied to dj 1 iflii ; md that they hall endeavor by c 1 iy pohible onans to give effeft 10 fuch rcprii •. j art ix should ii b r that one 01 ' : '- : - ' : - r uf ih ' we pi ■, .' , or both on - ; ; , l1 - 1 ' 1 "•. or from dt'mke to the ; ■ ■ .■• i ■ ' '• ■'•' •■ - '. ' t ny circm lance i^v ■ ■ ii it [}, > d i e ■.'.' 1 ic i ■ ■ leftej , .. f ! a r i 1 in '< ir | | } ,|. ,, ,| .- i 1 ; " powers fli i i a ; it a cor rapn cauff ' main illy to deien i eacli l ' ; ,• \ they '! ■.: ! , •" p ical ■ c iploy exi r:i > u j n f u || 1 if.tl ( i i ■/ ::■ i jli r j-:i ■., f ••;. i > r ;), j ' ''"■ ' ■ ' their ; l ■ -, as for : ; .. :■ jnrj fuf 1.1 ned by iheii i a jt is an x the prim ipls • v ] • , laiirns ' hi 111 t 1 a f lilt i y ih • ■; ; •', :; ?'\ a p ply to ev cry rrm time war y . . :. eu 1 pe may unhappily b rli iced ' ; ■ ■ 1 lt ,'..,'.,:, in ,|| .,,,,.; ,■ , ■ c | . r ., : tual and u on all oci adons hall be af - ■ , ( ■•! 1 1 bv ihe contiafting povv rs foi the - . on of their commerce and navigation nd i r the inj.r;(cna!ic o the rights uf neutral dillons an x r . a he obj'.r and main confi delation if ihis convention is 10 aduic the general freedom of commerce anrl navigaiion hi uidjefly ih king of sweden & his imperial maj ii ol all the rullias hereby agi?c and bi'id ihemfelvcj to er-di other to tiicir ci nfeni that other neutral powers may become parties to \<, ailo s t its principles conform to 115 < !> g 1 urns and pinake df its advantagi 1 art xii in oid.r tli.it ilic belligerent f:iwer may r.ot have to plead ignorance of the arrangements concluded between their a d 11 ihrv information hall bs to ich b lligerent powers oi the regulations ih ) have determined upon which urc fo 1 a holtile nature that they tar be detrinicn;al to no other country whatever but on the contrary calculated to fecure the commerte land navigation of their r fpertive ubjecii art xiii the prcirnt convention fhall be ratified bv tha two contracting pir'ic and lihe ratification hall bs exchanged indue and good form v ilun lix wee 1 or iouncr if ; i ilib e from the day of i^ii'ij it in leftitnnny of ihe fame we he under ligned furnifhed with full powers have hereunto figned our namei and affixed out le.;is given a s peterrk);irg the 4th ig.li > f decet il'tr i8go signed curt von stedinoxi \ on kostotll n here follows t!ie ratification ol iheii swe n<l imperial inajelhes counter lij>neil by j 1 i ill )■: 1 oil and cuuui k lopfin i gul tion * '■■ ) ■ > to ; n • h ■ nort in "... 1 1om as puhlijhed by the kling j.'s\»edbh ■■ .-■ ckh 1 -, fiftf ■;. the preamble liatcs the nec«lfi>y 5 leiijrring i he r'p'.ns of romrorr • c>nr uid ex lit ':•. for tiii effect in .•■■ : -> to ire the protection ol the pover r <• t •■-.. c e of swed .. mult obfci i e th i ' ■ •• ; : •■, i rrju lit ■ i • us ler chut a fliip h i n!tt]e '■■■ he * ■ <' as si a eje . lln n ■..'. i • r ■'■'■ den ar the p ovine . s . • r i • ■ • inion , or hip wrecked on ihe l » .-. \ ci '*., and there fold or bought in a ;.. r ''■''■<■ by n tepal & lu'hentlc con " '• ii f'ich purcl fs is hind in a r oun try threatened wi war ir fl !> be coi i clered ■-, lnw(nl as foon as three con • » have ehpfrd before us ndtuully breukmg bur every f)n |> pufchaled nm(t leintn r.ilizffd a however t lie natural zaiion r.f fliij'8 houchi in i foreinn country and afterwards taken by a rruizei belonging •(> t of the be'ligerent poweis mas fre jtiently produce ilifipreeable explanaiinna i the fequol il in hereby declared t it in me ot war fhips hi 11 not be nllewedj to be naturalized v.i.ith have formerly hecn the propery of the belligerents or i heir fnhjet'is 5 neverthelefs with the ex cep ii ■'. ol nil hips ihai wet ttnturnlizedj l>ef»ie rheprefent regulation wan at'op'.ed which fliall enjoy all i he rights which are comie ted wiili the ciiarttiter of neutrals iiiiil swede's s i r.e ■ iprain of the fhip mnlt 0<?p»o '•:.:..' wiih all inper l **»] ii e and proper for the lecurity ot his vovane of an kind are in cafe \',,> iliip goes through tl sound a cffrtiflcme o he place where ■■ i 1 was iiiiiit an invuire letters hewing the cargo not contiahnnd tuik :.!■. and i w pnlfporlt a ccrtificase b the in igi irnte ol the place n paft i c crew ( , ol tiii oath tdi the owner a char teruaity with the fubfrnption of the reifihitfr the captain nnd tse perlon rei»hting the veflel h manifell with the ; ; - ' u l liptions containing j ; ;! of the diti'ertriit an idea of the lndinc and the conduioni ol t!;e inteiuted voyage :>"<! a 0 ! ol i'e^iiii where the fame is tieceflhry ■ ' the voyage be merely to the por s nf thsbahic or be sound the turkifli and latin paiies re not neceflary ; but the >■ ipt in mull hive all the other paper enumerated vithout exception 7 a'l there docitmenti mud be rt>nt!e out and clrlivered in a swedifb port unlefs ■ when a fhiphaj ich her papers by ntririent or where they have been forcibly taken r in which cafe thefe documents nay be rtucwed in a foi rign port if t e cap ■ n immediately on his arrival rakes the ' ; '•■ i '-' o exhibit ."• i authentic i nd pro eily cerulied declaration by which die i icadcn i proved or in j;ro!:,i;ls itattj on whi ii he defii a the rtnewaj 4 the captain is prohibited to have faille aiis or certificates or duplicates thereof he is likewife prohibited to make nl of a foreign flajj 5 it is required rhat the captain nr.rl h ill of the crew f.'iali bs swedid lubjfas 6 captains ftoinj to the main ocean fliali be bound to follow the courfe pointed out lit their inftrtiftions and agteeablfl to t lie conreiii ol their certification ; ships rfeftined fur the pons of a bel ligerent power muiv with the utmolt care and under tl-e feverefl penalties i a vi d carrying bny contraband commodi to prevent u doubi or nrfunder ii rel'peciinp wha ig contraband it "■ -. vl that the following poods ilialjbe iconfidered contraband the remainder i of this article is a tinnlci ipt of thfl art u la 1 of the convention publiflicd m a former paper i 8 all swedifh fubjetfli are prohibited to fit nut privateers ngaiuft 1 tie r-.wi^e • rents their inbjffls and pi »> p r r : y . i 9 a swcdifh hip cannot be employe by a belligerent tower i tranfporc t>oop ar«it or any warlike implement should any captain be compelled to 4r f l fiiperjor force he is hound a ica'.l <» i exhibit a formal protefl bgatnfl luch vio 1 lence 1 .'. when * merchant hip is not under convoy mid happens to be brought toby n fhipofwaroi privateer betonping to any of the belligerents tbe captain ham not in that cafe oppol'e he fearchinf of hii i-irrl hot lie in mki faithfully t hevr all la^ti aud docubicntl wl.itn r*l*»4 u her