terms of um watchnaao kw subscription per year two dollans-nayable in ince but if not paid in advance iwo dollars m.1 fifty cts will be charged advertisements inserted ai s for the first and 25 cts ■ ' for each subsequent insertion font orders charged 25percl higher than these rates a liberal deduc tion to th se who advertise by the year ■ letti to the editors must i fri m the boston travi her general zachary taylor messrs editors — i do not know in i i what estimation you hold gen taylor in i a political point of view and do not know j as you prefer him to mr clay or that you ■ would support his claims to the presiden jcy or consider bim as in any degreequal ■ ified for that high ollice but 1 believe byou would he willing to do him justice as a man let him be as he may he ought jinot to be charged with crimes and con ilduct of which he is not guilty general ■ taylor has rendered some service to his country he has been honored for that service his name without his know hedge at first has been associated with lhe presidency ol the union hehasal i readv felt the penalty which is paid for hsuch distinction his private life at once 1 becomes public — all the evil he has done 2 in his life-time is spread out before all i men acts and deeds repugnant to his i nature an ascribed to him — his moral • character is assailed with the voice of a trumpet — the defence feeble and hardly heard with your permission 1 wish to say a few things in respect to gen tay i lor they may be interesting — they may i do some justice to the character of a wor thy man gen taylor is a man of medium stat ure large frame with a ma-si ve chest ' and shoulders and though not imposing when on the ground he appears finely on i horse-back from long exposure to the ; climate of florida and the far south his j complexion is almost the color of mahog i any the same cause affected his eve sight and he has formed the habit of half j closing bis eyes he looks when not in , conversation as if he was quizzing some one . but when engaged in conversation his eyes sparkle and his face lights up with intelligence he is exceedingly fas cinating in social life plain and unas suming in his appearance and manners he reminds one of a new hampshire far mer who has seen much of hard toil — j he is distinguished for great common • sense for modesty in the utterance of his , opinions and great firmness in adhering • to what he conceives to be right some years ago he was called to washington to unravel some perplexing matters in connection with the indian department he displayed such profound knowledge of that whole department — he undid the knotty questions with such dexterity and | displayed such strong common sense and practical wisdom that a bureau was of | fered to him in that department but de i clined his family relations are honorable — mrs taylor is one of the most elegant , women in the army and that is gnat - praise ; for some of the most elegant and .. accomplished ladies in lhe country are • united in marriage to the oilicers in the t army she is elegant in her person and j manners ; a lady of humble but decided ' , piety being a member of the episcopal j church his son has recently graduated | from yale college his daughter is dis | tinguished for accomplishments and beau i ty she has declined offers from many oilicers of the army in obedience to the desire of her father who does not wish to see her married to a soldier gen taylor is not a profane man he lias been accused of profaneness words said to have been uttered by him ou the field of battle have gone through the un ion but no one who knows gen taylor believes such a report men who have been with him in scenes most trying un der circumstances the most provoking never heard him utter an oath he re strains from principle gen taylor was two years in a fort as the commander of 1600 men many of whom were among the worst of the race ; and in that fort swearing was as common as plumes the very moral sense seemed to d mand an oath as a test of a gentle man the chaplain who was with gen taylor during his whole command and saw him under circumstances ofthe great est provocation says he never heard an oath irom his lips his principles and practice in this respect are known to the whole army gen taylor is a strict teetotaller he conforms to the customs of the army and keeps on his sideboard such liquors as are drank in the army ; but be pledges his oilicers only in cold water at the close of a parade it is etiquette on the part of the officers to call at head-quarters and pay respects to the commander-in-chief it is etiquette on the part of the command er to allow the oilicers to drink his health it has been general taylor's custom for years to pour out his glass of cold water and drink the health of his staff in that alone when he assumed the command of fort jessup he found intemperance to be the prevailing sin whipping impri sonment and lines had been exhausted — it was proposed to attempt to reform the men gen taylor gave the chaplain his warm co-operation by authority and ex ample and all know that in the army nothing can be done without the aid of the commander a change was seen at once ; and in less than two years more than six hundred reformed men marched in procession with badges and banners — some of them who joined the army be cause of their intemperance obtained their discharge through gen taylor and returned home to their families sober men some of them are in good business in boston at this time gen taylor is a friend to the sabbath and to public worship you cannot judge men severely who are in the hands of committees as gen taylor was at new the carolina watchman bbl'xer & james ) „,.„„. / " keep a check upon all your editors 6c proprietors } rulers ) new series do this axu lleektv is safe > gen'l harrison \ volume v number 11 salisbury n c thursday july 13 1848 orleans a few months ago by such a rule j q adams mr webster and oth ers must be set down as enemies to the sabbath a single act over which as public men they had no control must weigh more than a long life it is a com mon thing for officers in the army to take exercise on the sabbath by walking or riding after public worship during the whole time he was at fort tessup the chaplain says he never saw gen taylor riding for exercise nor so much as walk ing before his quarters he regarded the sabbath as essential to good order and morals and he threw the force of his ex ample fully in its favor he was regular and devout at public worship whenever the chaplain preached whoever else was absent gen taylor was in his place in politics gen taylor is a whig so he has ever been regarded the army is no place to disguise a man's morals — his politics or his religion a thousand or sixteen hundred men confined for years in a small fort will learn each others opin ions open and decided but moderate gen taylor has always been known a.s a whis ; some of his staff were violent po liticians gen twiggs for example — selting on a log or on a camp stool the politics of the country have been discuss ed by general taylor and his officers — both democrats and whigs have regard ed him a.s a whig the fact lhat he bore a commission would as soon have been disputed as his position in politics from the washington union revolution ! — we do not know when we have been more astonished than by the open and unqualified avowal ofthe new york express that as congress is to be thc government under gen taylor to se curing that congress all our efforts must be bent we give it precisely as we find it quo ted in the national intelligencer italics and all look at it ye men of the south and weigh it well " congress is to be the government under gen taylor president log is to be given to this un ion by the whigs who is to sit still with his arms folded and see the constitution which he has sworn to support overturn ed : and congress is to be the govern ment ! where will under such circumstances be the compromises of that glorious in strument ? trodden under foot and the dearest rights of the south crushed and crushed forever ! we will say no more at present this spasmodic fright ofthe official ed itor over the announcement of the true spirit of this government and of the con stitution shows the practical difference between the whigs and tories alias that class of loco focos who hold with the union that the executive is the govern ment having certain inalienable or im prescriptible prerogatives ; and demon strates to us also the value of the precious whig principles laid down in thc allision letter the object of the " official is clearly to frighten the south from voting lor general taylor because he has pledg ed himself not to veto acts of congress — the very reason for which the people of the north will vote for him and in which we shall rely upon him but the south even we apprehend un derstands itself too well not to know that its defence is in congress and congress alone and never in the executive whom the free states can take from lhe free states and solely upon free state princi ples whenever they will by its slave property representation the south is pro tected in the house of representatives and in the senate also where there are 15 free and 13 slave states the south is enough protected again not even a wilmot proviso can pass a congress un less slaveholders vote for it ! the theory of the constitution and of the government viz : that congress is or should be the government alarms the of ficial union what is congress ? a mon ster self-elected or self-appointed ? no — but a pure representation ofthe will of the people save in the slave states where three slaves are counted as two white voters the south is not to be frightened then we apprehend by this constitutional defence there of its slave property con gress is the embodiment of the people in the capitol at washington it is nearest the people and springs directly from the people through no intervention of electo ral colleges and by no commingled and combined state and federal action of freedom and slavery such as creates a chief magistrate of the union congress is from everywhere and represents every body the president is one man from one state and in true constitutional theo ry represents nobody he is only the executive that is the executor of the acts of congress what congress enacts as law he is bound to see carried out true he has the arbitrary veto power borrowed from the royal prerogatives of the brit ish monarch almost the only feature of the british constitution we borrowed in full — but this veto power was given him to protect himself from congress not as the '* government — nor as a co ordinate legislative branch of the government it was not deemed possible by the framers of the constitution that the executive could or would veto acts upon mere ex : pediency ; or set his will opinion or judg ment against congress when the con stitution was not endangered by the rep resentatives of the people the fair pre sumption being that members of con gress sworn to maintain the constitution would as effectually maintain it as the executive himself but as a writer in the boston advertiser admirably express es our views in this matter we quote from , him : if there be a curse in the practical politics of this country and one which ■ more than any other inflates the execu : tive while it debauches the legislative 1 power it is the practice of white house i legislation the initiative the great pub i lie measures has been so regularly taken [ by the president and the veto has been i so regularly applied when the president's i personal opinions were against the action '■ of congress that it would really seem ; that the president had grown to be ex ! officio member of congress with the ad ditional adcanterge of having a casting j ; vote upon all questions where a majority was less than two-thirds so far has this iniquitous perversion of the constitution been carried that a member of congress : under the tyler administration we think a massachusetts man had the effrontery j to declare the president to be a co-ordin '. ; ate branch of the legislative body cer j j tainly if this course of executive legis : ! lation is to be continued much longer it j j will render quite nugatory the careful separation of the three departments of [ government devised by the framers of the i ! constitution " it needs now but to give the president | a seat upon the supreme court bench in ' | addition to his executive and legislative i j functions to enable him to embody all the | ; three national powers ; and then in mrs i malaprop's language like " berberus j ! three gentlemen at once to guard all the i i avenues of liberty and justice and growl j j his three-headed defiance at the people j | till the end of time the true and real distinction between j a whig and a tory is in this difference j j on vetoes prerogatives royalties — and i | whenever even the loco focos will pro ! j perly study the constitution those among \ them not tories but who are true demo | i crats will agree with us that the gov j ; ernment is in the people or what is the ! j same thing the reprscnteitivcs of the peo ' j pie and not in one man elected by the ; \ machinery of national conventions and | ! elected by the machinery of electoral col i | leges true then as the union sets forth in its word revolution — we w'higs under general taylor are intending a revolu i tion of the practices of the executive since ; j 1829 up to 1848 to have this - revolu i j tion is the very purpose for which we : support general taylor we demand ; improvements for harbors and rivers ' | and by " a revolution in the veto pow \ er we mean to have them we demand that in matters of finance and of pro ; tection congress be the government and 1 not the executive and by " a revolution | we mean to so order it w 7 e demand that the executive power be curtailed in ma ny and various ways — and by a revo lution we mean to perfect it general taylor is to revolutionize this government from the track on which it has run down for twenty years past and to roll back the constitution to the days and practices of the early presidents revolution is the order of the day " look out mr ritchie " for the crossings when the bell rings — n y express the new star the new star says the london literary ga zette observed by mr hind in lhe constellation of the serpent occupies the attention and in terest of astronomers it continues of the same brilliancy of the fourth magnitude and exactly in the same position within the triangle formed by the three stars zeta and ela serpentarius and nuof the serpent recently mr hind has noticed singular changes of color red and blue or green and yellow tints when the star is near the horizon its color is yellow deepened wilh sudden flushes of red light its appear ance is stated to be certainly different from that of any other star it is supposed to be the lost star of flamstead observed by him in 1g90 which however was of the sixth magnitude scientific american french railways — we are afraid that the french railways are in a bad condition as we have seen accounts of materials sent back to england that had been sent to france for the construction of some ofthe main lines a ves sel recently brought back from bologne to lon don 57 wagons 114 pair of wheels 3 brakes and a number of other railroad articles we hope that france will not neglect her internal improvements in the midst of her revolutionary excitement — ib the first locomotive that ever travelled in vermont appeared there on the fifth inst it is supposed to be a swifter horse than the fa mous morgan breed — ib correspondence ofthe baltimore sun u s senate washington june 27 1848 on motion of mr bright the senate then resumed the consideration of the oregon territorial bill mr b made a few remarks stating his reasons for mo ving to strike out the 12th section and his motives for withdrawing that motion ; but the senator from georgia mr ber rien had renewed the motion and it had been followed by the senator from missis sippi with an amendment involving in its i discussion the most serious consequences to the union under these circumstan ! ces he would present a paper which he proposed to offer at the proper time as an amendment on his own responsibility and which he believed would satisfy the great body of the american people — there were some whom nothing would satisfy it was substantially the missouri compro mise — providing that in all territory north of 30 30 to the pacific ocean embracing new mexico california and other new territories acquired neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except for crime shall be permitted providing that slaves escaping into such terrritory shall be sur rendered to their owners after a few remarks mr berrien ex planatory of his view in renewing the motion to strike out the 12th section mr calhoun addressed the senate the south desired the enactment of no laws to give them any peculiar advanta ges they simply desire that the territo ries shall be left open to all while they remain territories and when they come into the union that they shall be left to make their own laws with no farther re strictions imposed upon them than are provided by the constitution on the great question whether the non slaveholding states have the powers to prohibit slavery in thejterritories he should claim for the south nothing to which they were not clearly entitled and yield no right guaranted to them by the constitu tion he stood here unconnected with party considerations and should examine the question solely with a view to what he considered the true interests of the coun try he contended that the constitution ne ver intended that their should be any dis crimination in regard to the rights of property between one section of the un ited states and another and yet they were told without a particle of proof to establish it that congress has the abso lute control over the territories where was the power to be found he asked by which this absolute control is conferred ? the clause of the constitu tion to which the senator from n york mr dix had referred giving to con gress the power to " make all needful rules and regulations respecting the ter ritory and other property of the united states referred solely to the public lands and in it is not to be found the semblance of governmental powers in reference to the people of the territories was it to be supposed that if the fra mers ofthe constitution intended to give governmental powers to congress they would have made another provision by which legislation was given to the people of the territories ? in reference to the district of colum bia he said that though maryland had ceded certain powers to the government ofthe united states within the district the sovereignty still continues in mary land and it was under this view that al exandria had been retroceded to virginia in regard to the ordinance of 1787 he proceeded to show that it was enacted under different circumstances and with out any intention to establish it as a pre cedent for future governments on this sub ject it was a compromise to terminate a long continued controversy between two states in reference to the delivering up of fugitive slaves-a compromise which the south has ever since faithfully obser ved ; but yet this very faithfulness on this point is now quited against them and he referred to organized associations in different states for enticing slaves to run away from their owners as one ofthe re sults of that compromise lie next alluded to the struggle from the admitting missouri into the union and the adoption of what is termed the mis souri compromise an arrrangement which he said had never received the sanction ofthe south though they had strictly ob served all its requirements he quoted a letter of mr jefferson to ihe late hon john holmes of maine in which he disapproved of the missouri compromise as unfortunate for the peace and happiness ofthe country and calcu lated to lead to most unhappy local divi sions and discussions and yet he had been here quoted as the originator ofthe ordinance of 1787 from what he had shown he conten ded the ordinance of 1787 and the missou ri compromise both fell to the ground and were of no effect in regard to the acquisition of territo ry he admitted that the united states had the right to acquire ; but whether the origin ofthe power he insisted that it did not exist as an absolute power but sub ject to limitations which he pointed out congress are the mere representatives to dispose of those territories for the objects contemplated they are mere trustees for the benefit ofthe united states with out the authority or right to make a dis crimination in reference to that trust be tween the citizens of the slaveholding and non slave-holding states neither have the territories that power ah the arguments which he had used in reference to the powers of congress he contended applied with equal force to the territories neither congress nor the ter ritories have lhe power to exclude slavery nor is there any power in the laws ex i isting in the territories when so acquired i to exclude it no power in any form or shape exists by which it can be excluded the slaveholding states he said are partners with the rest having contributed : their share in money and in lives to the : acquisition and could not be excluded from an equal participation in tbe bene ; fits — they have been full contributors | under every aspect ofthe case and who j could stand up and in transaction un ; der similar circumstances in private life ! say that they were not entitled to be full : participants nothing but deed abiding prejudice could insist on the contrary if the non-slaveholding states were dis | posed to do right let them vote for the ! amendment of his friend mr jefferson davis and to the slaveholding states i he would say if they were prepared to | concede this right they had greatly de ; generated this is a time he said when the coun i try feels that great movements are in ag \ itation which may burst asunder the ties ofthe union — and that this is the time ; for a settlement in the language of ', mr jefferson he was in favor of leaving ' the question to the constitution and if left to the constitution it would | be settled very nearly by the line of 3g '■ to 30 — the existence of slavery would va : y very little from that line it was near ly impossible that it should be otherwise and he trusted the lime never would come : when there should be a white man at the south to perform manual labor he then proceeded in an ingenious ar gument to prove that all men are not born " tree and equal — that there is not one word of truth in that declaration all men are born it is declared ; but men are not bom — infants are born nor are in fants born ** free and equal they are not free until they arrive at a certain age nor are all men created equal — for on ly two were created — one man and one woman all men in a state of nature may be said to be equal but even here he showed that the term is a misnomer the only state in which man can exist as a race and develop his great moral and physical energies is the political state the first cannot be considered a natural state because repugnant to our feelings and yet the only state in which we can exist the second is only one that is term ed artificial that which is necessary to the preservation ofthe human race is a much higher state than that which is on ly necessary to preserve the individual instead of one uniform rule that all men shall enjoy an equal amount of liber ty the distribution of liberty among indi viduals is the unequal thing in the world and this doctrine that " all men are born free and equal as understood is power ful to the pulling down of liberty and if : not restrained will produce anarchy not only throughout europe but throughout the civilized world mr berrien followed he said that having moved to strike out the twelfth section it might be expected that he should state the reasons which had influenced him but the speech of the senator from s carolina afforded sufficient food for one day's reflection and he would therefore postpone his remarks until tomorrow the further consideration of the bill was then postponed until 12 o'clock to morrow the annual post oflice appropriation bill from the house was taken up and mr atherton chairman ofthe committee on finance moved to amend in the provi sion for carrying the mail from charles ton to havana so as to require the steam ers so carrying it to touch at key west the amendment was adopted ; and also another by mr berrien requiring them to touch at savannah mr butler proposed further to amend by inserting in the bill the resolution which passed the senate several days since au thorizing and requiring the postmaster general to renew the contract for carry ing the southern mail with the potomac fredericksburg and richmond steam boat and railroad companies the yeas and nays ordered on the amendment and resulted — ayes 10 nays 27 the bill was read a third time and pass ed on motion of mr rusk the senate then proceeded to the consideration of ex ecutive business adjourned the penalties of distinction — the louis ville journal says : — " gen taylor is certainly paying the penalty of distinction a daguer reotypist direct from raton rouge informs us lhat when be left that place seven daguerreo lypists and five portrait painters were there some actually at work upon the old general's likeness and the rest impatiently awaiting their turn to get a chance at him and every stage and steamboat brought a reinforcement substance ofthe remarks of henry w mru.ee esq before the " rough and ready club of the city of raleigh on the evening of the 20th ult : the resolutions of tbe baltimore con vention we are told contain tbe principles of the democratic party one of these resolutions declares " that the constitution does nut confer upon the general govern ment the pouer to commence ami carry on a general system of internal imp'roce ments yet ihey nominated for the pre sidency a man who by his votes and pub lic acts has proved himself an ultra advo cate of lhe exercises of such power by congress let us appeal to the record the facts there found speak for ihcm selves on page 268-9 of the senate journal 1s15-g is the following entry : the senate resumed as in committee of the whole the consideration of the bill to apply certain alternate sections of the public domain towards the completion of works of internal improvement in the state of michigan and lot other purposes on the question shall this i ii be en grossed and read the third time ? it was determined in the affirmative yras 26 nays 11 mr cass voted yea ! this is one fact to show what the advocates of the baltimore resolutions mav expect from their candidate on the subject of in ternal improvements by tin general gov ernment cut this is only a beginning — on the very next page of the same jour nal is the following entry : the senate proceeded lo consider as in committee of lhe whole the bill to aid the state of mississippi in the construc tion of a rail road from jackson through brandon to the western boundary of ala . bama and having been amended it was reported to the senate the amendment was concurred in on the question shall tbis bill be en grossed and read the third time it was determined in the affirmative yeas 28 nays 8 mr cass voted vim ! this is another fart from the record which the advocates of the baltimore resolutions should explain unless there [ be " too much noise ml confusion but there are still olhers on page , 407th ofthe same journal of the senate 1815-6 is the following entry : " the senate then proceeded to consi der as in committee ol the whole the bill to provide for the improvement of the navigation of lhe rivers ohio missis sippi missouri and arkansas aud having been amended on motion ol mr calhoun it was reported to the senate and the amendment concurred in on the question shall this bill be en grossed and read the third time it was determined in the affirmative yeas 31 nays 12 mr cass voted yea ! this is another fact still going to show that if mr cass be sincere honest and consistent he will not cany out the princi ples of the baltimore resolutions do his friends wish him to belie these record ed votes if not how can those who think that the prosperity of the country and the salvation of the constitution de pend upon the baltimore resolutions sup port him with any assurance that he would veto such another bill for internal im provements passed by congress ' but there are still olher facts from the record more extraordinary and striking than those already given on the 440th page of the journal before referred to is the following : " on motion of mr dix the senate pro ceeded to the consideration of the bill making appropriations for the improve ment of certain harbors and rivers ' mr atherton moved to amend the bill by inserting at the end thereof tbe fol lowing mark the language ') " provided that no mom // shall be drawn from the tit usury on account of amy ap propriation contained in this act unless the eevenues i>v till government bhall be sufficient to pay the current expenses of the year without resorting to trea sury notes r loans it was determined iu the negative — yeas 18 nays 33 mr cass voted nay ! so eager then was he to carry on this system of internal improvements by the general government that though lln na tion was engaged in war — its revenues not sufficient to pay its et pi uses — he was unwilling to dispense with the appropria tions towards that object even for a short time ! he was ready and willing as this vote proves to borrow money if it he came necessary to carry on schemes of in ter nol improvements hy the general gov ernment .' mr cass voted for this bill as will be seen by reference to the 413d page ofthe asenate journal before quoted this bill mr poll vetoed and tbat veto tlie democrats ofthe south at least de clare contains the true doctrine and that which was intended to be put forth by the baltimore resolution lhat bdl they say was unconstitutional — that b.i i mr cass voted for — lhat vote he has never retrac ted — that vote he dare not retract — and yet we are told that by the election of mr cass the principles in reference to internal improvements avowed in the bal timore resolution will be carried out ' — who believes that la would vetosuch an other '* harbor and river bill i no one can believe it unless he also believes him base enough to belie and repudiate every vote he has given on the subject ! if he were thus to act would he be worthy the confidence of honest and con-dstent men ? no doubt these very votes are now and will be relied on in the north-west to prove him an ultra friend and advocate of internal improvements by the general government but here at the south the baltimore resolution will be held up as containing m real simon pure doctrine of all good democrats ! let the people look to this but there are other facts which deserve attention in this state ihe democratic party in most of their primary meetings