term of the watchman , ■„, er rear two dor mm payable in , ' p t if not paid in advance two dollars j '.'•'•'.'■''.' .-■ will i 1 charged inserted at fl for the first and 85 eta at insertion court orders charged ; h r than these rates a liberal itedwr af'who advertise hy the year v k . editors must be postpaid rk ace with mexico | bv aliot gallatlh concluded viii — terms of peace said that the unfounded claim of tex territory between the nueces and the ; '.,, «,,; ihe greatest impediment to peace j there can be no doubt for if relin king ihe spirit of military conquest nothing be required but tbe indemnities due to is the tiiiicf states have only to ac lerms which have been offered by the government it consents to yield a 5ve degrees of laotdde or near 350 breadth and extending fvrrm new the pacific although the greater is is quite worthless yet the portion uia lying between the sierra nevada lie pacific and including the port of san i is certainly worth much more than , f amount of indemnities justly due to out cit lgg li is only in order to satisfy those claims iitan accession of territory may become ne i is not believed that he executive will fa ild suggestions of subjugation or an ; the whole of mexico or of any of r provinces and il 1 understand the red by mr trist there was no inten lo include wit bin the cessions required province of new mexico hut the de jundftf both old and new california or of a of more than 1300 miles in length 12 is extravagant and urmccessa v the peninsula is altogether worthless ind there if nothing worth contending for south ji.-jii diego or about lat 32 3 in saying that it conquest is not the object , ihe war and it the pretended claim of tex is'otiiekio del norte shall be abandoned there innot he any insuperable obstacle to the re itoraiinn of peace it is by no means intended luttrt lhat the terms heretofore proposed by jier part j are at this lime proper and i ap retend that the different views of the subject ryf.ained by those who sincerely desire a ti and just peace may create some diffi ; r there are some important considers ■ m which may become the subject ot subse j at arrangement for the present nothing lore is strictly required than lo adopt the prin ripleuf status ante bell urn or in other words imcuate the mexican territory and to pro ide for tho payment ot the indemnities due to jr citizens tlie scruples of those who ob tct lo any cession whatever of territory except itenns unacceptable to ihe southern states eight he removed by a provision that would nw pledge a territory sufficient for the pur o.v and leave it iu possession of ihe united > until the indemnities had been fully j were i to listen to exclusively to my own cings and opinions 1 would say that if the positions which i have attempted to estab i it re correct — il i am not mistaken in my ncte conviction thai the war was unprovoked the mexicans and lias been one of iniquit ■ aggressiou on our part it necessarily fob '..- lhat according to the dictates of justice i united stales are bound lo indemnify them t having invaded their territory bombarded ir towns and indicted all the miseries of nroa a people who were fighting in defence it their own homes if all this be true the luited stales would give but an inadequate compensation for the injuries they have inllic ml hy assuming the payment of tlie indemni ies justly due to their own citizens even if i fair purchase of territory should be convenient » hoi ft patties it would be far preferable to si|ioiie it for the present — among other rea mf in order thai it should not have the ap wrance of being imposed on mexico there walso some important considerations to which may not be improper to call at this time the attention oir population may at this time be assumed as ething amounting lo twenty millions al " gh the rate of natural increase has already * lessened from thirty-three to about thirty in ten years the deficiency has been difill probably continue for a while to be napensated by the prodigious increase of ion ■ nation rom foreign countries an increase • ny per ct would add to our population ■ billions in ten and more than eleven mill 1 a twenty years that the fertile unculti fcdland within the limits ofthe slates admit or immediately admissible in the union stain three times that number indubi t but the indomitable energy the loco i>e propensities and all the habits of the new countries are such that even ! tailed efforts of both governments can or prevent their occupying within twenty if t ilhin ten years every district as far as '■ pacific and whether within the limits of ■ coiled states ( i mexico which shall not * , ' t ? previously been actually and bona fide supied and settled by others it may be said * ai his is justifiable by natural law that t ne same reason which sets aside the right discovery if not followed by actual occupa ti within a reasonable time the rights of and mexico have been forfeited by iheir leet or inability during a period of three indred years to colonize a country which jving the whole of that period ihey held un puied by any other foreign nation and it be observed lhat had the gov ofthe united slates waited for the op jmo of natural and irresistible causes these ie would have given them without a war ** r e than they want at this moment however plausible all this may appear it i s frtheless certain lhat it will be an acqui 1 of lerritory for ihe benefit of the people , i * le doited states and in violation of solemn j l,e s not only collisions must be avoided j he renewal of another illicit annexation prevented ; but the two countries must cool ' consider their relative position ; and what . r portion of territory not actually settled by exicans and of no real utility to them may be disposed to cede must be acquir j 1 tre - lt )' freely assented to and for a rea compensantion but that is not the b °! i 5 discussion of a propeu final arrange o a mustwaiui " p eace sh n h*ve been re d anc i anj?rv f ee | ings sha || have subsj jj at present the only object is peace a l^wh^t at>d noac v is ' lt ionof territory but l*-lln u may be s * r - ie » , iy necessary for * l he great object in view the most the carolina watchman bkujver & james > — ,., , - . } keep a check upox ali tour editors 4 proprietors v rumhw „, . $ ew series do this ant i.irf.rty is safe < gen'l harrison ( number 39 of volume iv salisbury n c thursday january 27 1848 simple terms those which will only provide for the adjustment of the texas bonwtery and for the payment of the indemnities due to oor citi zens and in every other respect restore things as they stood before the begining of hostilities appear to me the most eligible for lhat piir pose t may be permitted to wish lhat the dis ctfsslofl of the terms should not be em barrassed by ihe introduction of anv other mat ter there are other considerations highly important and not foreign to ihe great question of an extension of lerritory but which may without any inconvenience or commitment be postponed and should not be permitted to im pede the immediate termination of this lament able war i have gone farther than i intended it is said that a rallying point is wanted by the friends of peace let them mite boldly ex press their opinions and use their utmost en | dpavors in promoting an immediate termination ofthe war forthe people no other banner is necessary but their representatives in con , grega assembled are alone competent lo ascer tain alone vested with the legitimate power of deciding what course should be pursued at this momentous crisis what are the best means tor carrying into effect their own views whatever these may be we may wait wilh hope and confidence the result of their deliberations i have tried in this essay to confine myself to the questions at issue between the united states and mexico whether the executive has in any respect exceeded his legitimate power whether he is for any of his acts lia : ble to animadversion are questions which do not concern mexico there are certainly some doubtful assump tions of power and some points on which ex planations are necessary the most impor tant is the reason which may have induced the president when he considered the war as ne cessary and almost unavoidable not to commu i nicate lo congress which was all that time in session the important steps he had taken till af ter hostilities and indeed actual war had taken place the substitution for war contributions of an arbitrary and varying tariff appears to me to be of a doubtful nature ; and it is hoped that the i subject will attract the early attention of con • gress i am also clearly of opinion that ; the provisions ofthe law respecting volunteers which authorize them to elect their officers is a direct violation of the constitution ofthe uni ted states which recognize no other land force than the army and militia and which vests in , ihe president and senate the exclusive power of appointing all the officers of the united i states whose appointments are not otherwise ' provided for in the constitution itself with i respect to precedents refer to the act of july 6 '■ 18t2 chap 461 exxxviii enacted with due deliberation and which repeals in that respect the act on same subject of february 6 1812 speech of mr calhoun of south carolina | on his resolutiens in reference to the war with mexico january 4 1848 resolved that to conquer mexico and to hold it either as a province or to incorporate it in the union would be inconsistent with the avowed object for which ihe war has been pros ecuted ; a departure from the settled policy of the government ; in conflict wilh its character and genius ; and in the end subversive of our free and popular institutions resolved that no line of policy in the fur ther prosecution of the war should be adopted which may lead to consequences so disastrous mr calhoun said : in offering sen ators these resolutions for your consider ation i am governed by the reasons which induced me to oppose the war ; and by which 1 have been governed since it was sanctioned by congress in alluding to my opposition to the war i do not intend to touch on the reasons which governed me on that occasion further than i.s ne cessary to explain my motives upon the present i then opposed the war not only be cause it might have been easily avoided ; not only because the president had no au thority to order a part of tbe disputed ter ritory in possession of the mexicans ti be occupied by our troops ; not only becau e 1 believed the allegations upon which congress sanctioned the war untrue but from high considerations of policy ; be cause i believed it would lead to many and serious evils to tho country and great ly endanger its free institutions but af ter the war was declared by authority of the government i acquiesced in what i could not prevent and which it was im '< possible for me to arrest ; and i then felt it to be my duty to limit my efforts to giv ing such direction to the war as would i as far as possible prevent the evils and | danger with which it threatened the coun : try and its institutions for this purpose j at the last session i suggested to the sen j ate the policy of adopting a defensive | line and for the same purpose i now offer ■ these resolutions this and this only is ! the motive which governs me on this oc casion i am moved by no personal or party considerations my object is nei ther to sustain the executive nor to strengthen the opposition but simply to discharge an important duty to the coun , try in doing so i shall express my opin ion on all points with the freedom and ! boldness which becomes an independent senator who has nothing to ask from fhe ' government or from the people but j when i come to notice those points on ! which i differ from the president i shall do it with all the decorum which is due to the chief magistrate of the union i suggested a defensive line because in the first place i believed that the only certain mode of terminating the war suc | ccssfully was to take indemnity inourciwn hands by occupying defensively with our ; military force a portion of the mexican i territory which we might deem ample for indemnity : and in the next because i believed that it was the only way we could avoid the great danger to our in stitutions against which these resolutions are intended to guard the president took a different view he recommended a vigorous prosecution of the war — not for conquest — that was emphatically dis avowed — but for the purpose of conquer ing peace — that is to compel mexico to sign a treaty ceding sufficient territory to , indemnity to claims of our citizens and of the country for the expenses of the war 1 could not approve of this policy i opposed it among other reasons be ; cause i believed there was no certainty that the object intended to be effected would be accomplished let the war be ; ever so successful congress thought dif ferently and granted simple provisions in men and money for carrying out the poli cy recommended by the president it has now been fully tested under the most fa vorable circumstances it has been as | successful as the most sanguine hope of i the executive could have anticipated — victory after victory followed in rapid succession without a singie reverse — santa anna repelled and defeated with , all his forces at buena vista — vera cruz with its castle captured — the heights of cerro gorda triumphantly carried — ja lappa perote and puebla occupied — and after many triumphant victories under the walls of mexico its gates opened tous.and put u in possession of the capital but j what has all these splendid achievments j accomplished ? has the avowed object i of the war been attained ? have we con | quered peace ? have we compelled mex ico to sign a treaty ? have we obtained indemnity ? no not a single object con templated by the campaign has been ef fected and what is worse our difficul ties are greater now than they were at the commencement and the objects sought more difficult to be accomplished to j what is this complete failure to be attri , j buted ? not to our army it has done | all that skill and gallantry could accom \ j plish it is to be attributed to the policy j pursued the executive aimed at in ; demnity in a wrong way instead of ta j king it into our own hands when we had j territory in our possession ample to cover ' j the claims of our citizens and the expen 1 ses of the war he sought it indirectly : ! through a treaty with mexico he thus i put it out of our own power and under j the control of mexico to say whether we ! should have indemnity or not and there ! by enabled her to defeat the whole object ; of the campaign by simply refusing to i treat with us owing to this mistaken j policy alter a most successful and brill | iant campaign involving an expenditure ; ; not less probably than forty millions of dollars and the sacrifice by the sword and j by disease of many valuable lives pro bably not less than six or seven thousand nothing is left but the glory which our ar my has acquired but as an apology for all this it is in sisted that the maintenance of a defensive line would have involved as great a sac rifice as the campaign itself the presi dent and the secretary of war have as signed man reasons for entertaining this opinion i have examined them with care this is not the proper occasion to discuss them but i must say with all due deference they are to my mind utterly fallacious ; and to satisfy your minds that such is the case i will place the subject in a single point of view the line proposed by me to which i suppose their reasons were intended to be applied would be covered in its whole ex tent from the pacific ocean to the passo del norte on the rio grande by the gulf of california and the wilderness peopled by hostile tribes of indians through which no mexican force could penetrate for its entire occupancy and defence nothing would be required but a few small ves sels of war slationed in the gulf and a single regiment to keep down any resist ance from the few inhabitants within — ' from the passo del norte to the mouth of the river a distance of a few hundred : miles a single fact will show what little force will be necessary to its defence it i was a frontier between texas and mexi co when the former had but an inconsid erable population — not more than an hun ■ dred and fifty thousand at the utmost at any time — with no standing army and ! but very few irregular troops ; yet for several years she maintained this line without any except slight occasional in ' trusion from mexico and that too when mexico was far more consolidated in her power and when revolutions were not so frequent and her money resources were far greater than at present if then tex as alone under such circumstances could defend that frontier for so long a period 1 can any man believe that now when she is backed by the whole of the united ! states now that mexico is exhausted de feated and prostrated i repeat can any man believe that it would involve asgreat a sacrifice to us of men and money to de fend that frontier as did the last cam paign ? no 1 hazard nothing in assert ! ing lhat to defend it for an indefinite pe i riod would have required a less sum than ! the interest on the money spent in the i campaign and fewer men than were sac rificed in carrying it on so much for the past we now come to the commencement of another cam paign and the question recurs what shall be done ? the president in his message recommends the same line of policy — a vigorous prosecution of the war — not for conquest that is again emphatically dis avowed ; not to hlot mexico out of the list of nations no he desires to see her an independent and flourishing community and assigns strong reasons for it ; hut to obtain an honorable peace we hear no more of conquering peace but 1 presume that he means by an honorable peace the same thing ; that is to compel mexico to agree to a treaty ceding a sufiicient part of her territory as an indemnity for the expenses of the war and for the claims of our citizens i have examined with care the grounds on which the president renews his recom mendation and am again compelled to dissent there are many and powerful reasons more so even than those that existed at the commencement of the last campaign to justify my dissent the sacrifice in money will be vastly greater there i.s a bill for ten additional regiments now before tbe senate and another for txventy regiments of volunteers has been reported authorizing in all the raising of an additional force of something upwards of thirty thousand tbis in addition to that already authorized by law will be sufficient to keep an effective army in mexico of not much if any less than se venty thousand men and will raise the . expenses ofthe campaign to probably not less than sixty millions of dollars to meet so large an expenditure would involve in the present and prospective condition of the money market it is to be apprehended not a little embarrassment last year money was abundant and easi ly obtained an unfortunate famine in europe created a great demand for our agricultural products that turned the balance of trade greatly in our favor and specie poured into the country with a strong and steady current no consider able portion of it passed into the treasury through the duties which kept it full in in spite of the large sums remitted to meet the expenses of the war the case is dif ferent now instead of having a tide flow ing in equal to the drain flowing out the , drain is now both ways the exchanges i now are against us instead of being in our favor and instead of specie flowing into the country from abroad it is flowing out in the mean time the price of stocks and treasury notes instead of being at or a bove par have both fallen below to a small extent the effects ofthe depreci ation of treasury notes will cause them to pass into the treasury in payment ol the customs and other dues tothegovern ment as the cheaper currency instead of gold and silver ; while the expenses of the war whether paid for by tbe transmission of gold and silver direct to mexico or by drafts drawn in favor of british merchants or other capitalists there will cause what ever specie may be in the vaults ot the treasury to flow from it either for remit tance direct on account of the ordinary transactions of the country or to pay he drafts which may be drawn upon it and which when paid in the present state of exchanges will be remitted abroad but ihis process of paying in treasury notes instead of gold and silver and gold and silver flowing out in both directions can not continue long without exhausting its specie and leaving nothing to meet the public expenditures including those of the war but treasury notes can they under such circumstances preserve even their present value ? is there not great danger that they will fall lower and lower and finally involve the finances ol the gov ernment and the circulation of the coun try in the greatest embarrassment and difficulty ? is there not great danger with this pros pect before us and with the necessity of raising by loans near forty millions of a commercial and financial crisis — even possibly a suspension by the banks i wish not to create panic ; but there is danger which makes a great difference in a financial and moneyed point of view between the state of things now and at the commencement of the last session — looking to the future it is to be appre hended that not a little difficulty will have to be encountered in raising money to meet the expenses of the next campaign if conducted on the large scale which is proposed men you may raise but mo ney will be found difficult to obtain it is even to be apprehended that loans will have to be negotiated on very disadvan tageous terms for the public in the pre sent state of things if they grow no worse there can be no resort to treasury notes they cannot be materially increased with out a ruinous depreciation ; and a resort must be had exclusively or almost entire ly so to borrowing but at the present prices of stocks to borrow so large a sum as will be necessary can only be done at a greatly increased rate of interest on the nominal amount of stock in a recent conversation with a gentleman well in formed on this subject he said that in his opinion if forty millions are required a loan could not be had for more than nine ty for one hundred which would be about at the rate of seven per cent these are formidable objections but thev are not the only ones that are more so than thev were at the commencement of the last campaign 1 hold that the n vowed object for the vigorous prosecution of the war is less certain of brini realiz ed mar than it was then : and if itsbould fail to be realized it wiil leave oar affairs in a far worse condition than they are at present that object as has been slated is to obtain an honorable treaty one which to use the language of the presi dent will give indemnity for ihe past and security for the future that is a treaty which will give us a cession of territory not only equal to our present demand for indemnity but equal to the additional de mand : equal to the entire expenses to be incurred iu conducting the compaign and a guaranty from ihe government of mex ico for ils faithful execution now sen ators i hold that whether the war is suc cessful or unsuccessful there is not only no certainty that this object will be ac complished but almost a certainty that it will not be if the war be unsuccessful ; if our arms should be baffled as 1 trust and believe they will not be ; bul if from any unfortunate accident such should be the case it is clear that we shall not be able to negotiate a treaty that will ac complish the object intended on the con trary if the war should be successful it i.s almost equally certain that in that case the avowed object for prosecuting the war vigorously will not be accom plished i might take higher ground and maintain lhat the more successful the war is prosecuted ihe more certainly the ob ject avowed to be accomplished will be defeated while the objects disavowed would as certainly be accomplished what i.s the object of a vigorous prose cution of the war ? how can it be suc cessful ? i can see but one way of mak ing it so and that is by suppressing all resistance on the part of mexico ; over powering and dispersing her army and utterly over-throwing her government but if that should be done ; if a vigorous prosecution ofthe war should lead to that result how are we to obtain an honora ble peace ? with whom shall we treat for indemnity for the past and security for the future ? war may be made by one party but it requires two to make peace if all authority is overthrown in mexico where will be the power to enter into ne gotiation and make peace ? our very success would defeat the possibility of making peace in that case the war would not end in peace but in conquest ; not in negotiation but in subjugation : and defeat i repeat the very object you aim to accomplish and accomplish that which you disavow to be your intention by destroying the separate existence of mexico overthrowing her nationality and blotting out her name from the lis ol na tions instead o leaving her a free repub lic which the president has so earnestly expressed his desire to do if i understand his message correctly i have his own authority for the conclusion to which i come he takes very much the same view that i do as to how a war ought to be prosecuted vigoronsly and what would be its results wilh the differ ence as to the latter re-ling on a single contingency and a remote one he says that the great difficulty of obtaining peace results from this that the people of mex ico are divided under factious chieftains and that the chief in power dare not make peace because for doing so he would be displaced by a rival he also says that the only way to remedy this evil and to obtain a treaty is lo put down the whole of them including the one in power as well as the others well what then ' — are we to stop there i no our gener als are it seems authorized to encoura-r and to protect the well disposed inhabi tants in establishing a republican govern ment he says they aie numerous and are prevented from expressing their opin ions and making an attempt to form such a government only by fear of those mili tary chieftains he proposes when they have thus formed a government under the encouragement and protection of our army to obtain peace by a treaty with the government thus formed which shall give us ample indemnity for the past and secu rity for the future i must say i am at a loss to see how a free and independent republic can be established in mexico un der the protection and authority of its con querors i can readily understand how an aristocracy or a despotic government might be but how a free republican gov ernment can be so established under such circumstances is to me incomprehensible i had always supposed that such a gov ernment must be the spontaneous wish of the people ; that it must emanate from the hearts of the people and be supported by their devotion to it without support from abroad but it seems that these are antiquated notions — obsolete ideas — and that tree popular governments may be made under the authority and protection of a conqueror but suppose these difficulties surmount ed how can we make a free government in mexico where are tlie materials 7 it is to be i presume a confederated gov ernment like their former where is the intelligence in mexico for the construction and preservation of such a governmi it is what she has been aiming at for more than twenty years hut so utterly incom petent are her people tor the task that it has been a complete failure from first to last the great body of the intelligence and wealth of mexico is concentrated in ihe p ueslhood wbo are naturallv disin cli.uj.to thai form of government ; the rescue for the most part are the owners of the haciendas the larger planters of ihe country but tbey are without concert and destitute of the means of forming such a government but if it were pos<-i ble to establish such a government it could not stand without fhe protection of our army it v ... ; foil as soon as it is withdrawn if il be determined to have a treafv it v dd be a ii preferable course as it ap pears to me to abstain from attacking or destroying the government now existing in mexico and to treat with it if indeed ir be capable of forming a treaty which it could maintain and execute i'ponthat point 1 do not profess jo have any infor mation beyond that di rived from conver sations with those who have been in mex ico ; but from all that i can hear.it may be doubted whether we have not already pushed what is called a vigorous pros e \ cution'of the u ir ,, 0 far asnot to leave suffi cient power and influence in the govern ment to enter into a treaty which would be respected when our forces are with drawn such i know to lie the opinion of intelligent officers they concur in thinking that the existing government at cjueretaro if it should enter into a treaty in conformity with the views expressed by the executive would be overthrown and that we should be compelled to de fend that portion of mexico which we re quire for indemnity defensively or be compelled to return and renew the prose cution of the war if such is its weak ness it may he apprehended that even now without pushing the vigorous prose cution ofthe war further we are greatly exposed to the danger which these reso lutions are intended to guard against and that it requires great discretion and prompt action on our part to avoid it but bef.ue leaving this j ,_ r t ofthe subject i must enter my solemn pn -•. as mm id ihe re pieseulatives of a state <■!" this union against pledging protection to at government estab lished in mexico under tir countenance or en couragemeut it would inevitably lie over thrown as boon as our forces are withdrawn and we would be compelled in fulfil ment of plighted faith implied or expressed lo return and reinstate such government in power to be again overturned and again reinstated until we should be compelled to take the government in to our own hands just as tbe english have l»een compelled again and again lo do in hindostan under similar circumstances until it has led to it entire conquest let us avoid following example which we have been condemning as far buck a my recollection extends the president himself entertains doubt whether the plan of forming a government in ihe manner winch i have ik t considering and treating with it tor indemnity may not fail in that case he agrees that tin verv course to which i have said the vigorous prosecution of the war will inevitably lead must be taken — he saj s after having i to establish such a government — 1 tei bavi ig ■ nplnved ihe best efforts to secure peace — if all tail •• wo must hold c n to •;. :' ibe commit we in rauity in to cir own such terms as ihe bonoroi 1 -•■ are hi words n • . ■ 5 ? j ji ,, ,| ail acknow edgmenl ishin a government with wl .• in mexi co — alter pulling don rtbe existing government w-e must make a conquest of ihe whole country t ' .; to onr control ? t'ati woi is r ■ _ occupy the whole country — - ire of aity — nod — :;•> i real j — and enforce terms 1 on the : nment ! n , i . j lerum .- i to s iv es sh a government a in the form ol a province the president i right if the i _- i i - pro secute ssful and the contingency on which he expects lo make a tic re retre .'. every nent against calling back the army and ta king a defensive line will bave double force a ter having spent sixtj n irs audac quired ihe possession of ll h ol mexico and the interests in : . g ssion would i much more powerlul then than now the army itsell will be larger those wbo live b ihe war the numerous contractors ihe mere rs in land and mines _• lircctly or indirectly by its prosecution will be a iverse to retiring at ii the cry of holding on lo our conquests they cons i immense body jiou tig rich by what is impoveri countrv it is at th - - it the president sp--aks of taking tie indemnity into our own hand ij ut why delay it until ihe who tcountrt i sub dued ? why not take i now ' a partol mex ico would be a i . now than the whole of mexico w the end ot the next campaign when siiij millions of d wiil be added to the present ev -. we would indee : a much laru^r portion i : we would never be able lo i i . by ali tlio forms rt a -- irj to hold them in subjection thai i i tit a largo one not iess cei men aceording to tie opinion < : ihe s from mississippi : mr i <. raid ed as a coo _ in he . n debate tbe army number are in d in gei : aiid urged count the immediate passage ofthe i nls on this subject - •■}' at once w ■ r obtain ind mnilj f>r the - : : he war i f must < ome out .,;' the pockets of 1 i and ■ i and the • the debt :.; n imposed jj-on it these ii u s be c ■ pol icy re president contem ■ ■ v * ues . this im l cam he recom mend • ■ - - i in the first re j the was ha d that it v has r i ecu said since i ; "" ti thi i • t -' s ." avowed the intention f nquering mexico and